"ARITHMETIC. BRAUARDINI (Thomae) Arithmetica speculativa revisa et correcta a Petro Sanchez Ciruelo Aragonesi, black letter, _elegant woodcut title-page_, VERY RARE, _folio. Parisiis, per Thomam Anguelast (pro Olivier Senant), s. a. circa 1510_.[508] "This book, by Thomas Bradwardine, Archbishop of Canterbury must be exceedingly scarce as it has escaped the notice of Professor De Morgan, who, in his _Arithmetical Books_, speaks of a treatise of the same author on proportions,[509] printed at Vienna in 1515, but does not mention the present work. {229} "Bradwardine (Archbp. T.). Brauardini (Thomae) Geometria speculativa, com Tractato de Quadratura Circuli bene revisa a Petro Sanchez Ciruelo, SCARCE, _folio. Parisiis, J. Petit_, 1511.[510] "In this work we find the _polygones etoiles_,[511] see Chasles (_Apercu_, pp. 480, 487, 521, 523, &c.) on the merit of the discoveries of this English mathematician, who was Archbishop of Canterbury in the XIVth Century (_tempore_ Edward III. A.D. 1349); and who applied geometry to theology. M. Chasles says that the present work of Bradwardine contains 'Une theorie nouvelle qui doit faire honneur au XIVe Siecle.'"[512] The titles do not make it quite sure that Bradwardine is the quadrator; it may be Peter Sanchez after all.[513] THE QUESTION OF PARALLELS. Nouvelle theorie des paralleles. Par Adolphe Kircher[514] [so signed at the end of the appendix]. Paris, 1803, 8vo. An alleged emendation of Legendre.[515] The author refers {230} to attempts by Hoffman,[516] 1801, by Hauff,[517] 1799, and to a work of Karsten,[518] or at least a theory of Karsten, contained in "Tentamen novae parallelarum theoriae notione situs fundatae; auctore G. C. Schwal,[519] Stuttgardae, 1801, en 8 volumes." Surely this is a misprint; _eight_ volumes on the theory of parallels? If there be such a work, I trust I and it may never meet, though ever so far produced. {231} Soluzione ... della quadratura del Circolo. By Gaetano Rossi.[520] London, 1804, 8vo. The three remarkable points of this book are, that the household of the Prince of Wales took ten copies, Signora Grassini[521] sixteen, and that the circumference is 3-1/5 diameters. That is, the appetite of Grassini for quadrature exceeded that of the whole household (_loggia_) of the Prince of Wales in the ratio in which the semi-circumference exceeds the diameter. And these are the first two in the list of subscribers. Did the author see this theorem? A PATRIOTIC PARADOX. Britain independent of commerce; or proofs, deduced from an investigation into the true cause of the wealth of nations, that our riches, prosperity, and power are derived from sources inherent in ourselves, and would not be affected, even though our commerce were annihilated. By Wm. Spence.[522] 4th edition, 1808, 8vo.