[341] It is always difficult to sanction this spelling of the name of this Jesuit father who is so often mentioned in the analytic treatment of conics. He was born in Ragusa in 1711, and the original spelling was Ru[=d]er Josip Bo[vs]kovi['c]. When he went to live in Italy, as professor of mathematics at Rome (1740) and at Pavia, the name was spelled Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich, although Boscovicci would seem to a foreigner more natural. His astronomical work was notable, and in his _De maculis solaribus_ (1736) there is the first determination of the equator of a planet by observing the motion of spots on its surface. Boscovich came near having some contact with America, for he was delegated to observe in California the transit of Venus in 1755, being prevented by the dissolution of his order just at that time. He died in 1787, at Milan. [342] James Granger (1723-1776) who wrote the _Biographical History of England_, London, 1769. His collection of prints was remarkable, numbering some fourteen thousand. [343] He was curator of experiments for the Royal Society. He wrote a large number of books and monographs on physics. He died about 1713. [344] Lee seems to have made no impression on biographers. [345] This work appeared at London in 1852. [346] Of course this is no longer true. The most scholarly work to-day is that of Rudio, _Archimedes, Huygens, Lambert, Legendre, vier Abhandlungen ueber die Kreismessung ... mit einer Uebersicht ueber die Geschichte des Problems von der Quadratur des Zirkels, von den aeltesten Zeiten bis auf unsere Tage_, Leipsic, 1892. [347] Joseph Jerome le Francois de Lalande (1732-1807), professor of astronomy in the College de France (1753) and director of the Paris Observatory (1761). His writings on astronomy and his _Bibliographie astronomique, avec l'histoire de l'astronomie depuis 1781 jusqu'en 1802_ (Paris, 1803) are well known. [348] De Morgan refers to his _Histoire de l'Astronomie au 18e siecle_, which appeared in 1827, five years after Delambre's death. Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre (1749-1822) was a pupil of and a collaborator with Lalande, following his master as professor of astronomy in the College de France. His work on the measurements for the metric system is well known, and his four histories of astronomy, _ancienne_ (1817), _au moyen age_ (1819), _moderne_ (1821), and _au 18e siecle_ (posthumous, 1827) are highly esteemed. [349] Jean-Joseph Rive (1730-1792), a priest who left his cure under grave charges, and a quarrelsome character. His attack on Montucla was a case of the pot calling the kettle black; for while he was a brilliant writer he was a careless bibliographer. [350] Isaac Barrow (1630-1677) was quite as well known as a theologian as he was from his Lucasian professorship of mathematics at Cambridge. [351] "Besides we can see by this that Barrow was a poor philosopher; for he believed in the immortality of the soul and in a Divinity other than universal nature."