A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume IIDe Morgan, Augustus
Philosophy
A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II
De Morgan, Augustus
Circle-squaring; Perpetual motion; Science -- Miscellanea; Trisection of angle
"1. It follows from the 4th Book of Euclid, that the rectangle under the
side of a regular decagon inscribed in a circle, and that side increased by
the radius, is equal to the square of the radius. But the product 791 (791
+ 1280) is less than 1280 x 1280; if then the radius be 1280 the side of
the decagon is greater than 791.
"2. When a diameter bisects a chord, the square of the chord is equal to
the rectangle under the doubles of the segments of the diameter. But the
product 125 (4 x 1280 - 125) is less than 791 x 791. If then the bisected
chord be a side of the decagon, and if the radius be still 1280, the double
of the lesser segment exceeds 125.
"3. The rectangle under this doubled segment and the radius is equal to the
square of the side of an inscribed regular polygon of 20 sides. But the
product 125 x 1280 is equal to 400 x 400; therefore, the side of the
last-mentioned polygon is greater than 400, if the radius be still 1280. In
other words, if the radius be represented by the new {115} member 16, and
therefore the diameter by 32, this side is greater than 5, and the
perimeter exceeds 100. So that, finally, if the diameter be 8, the
perimeter of the inscribed regular polygon of 20 sides, and still more the
circumference of the circle, is greater than 25: that is, the circumference
is more than 3-1/8 diameters."
The last work in the list was thus noticed in the _Athenaeum_, May 27, 1865.
"Mr. James Smith appears to be tired of waiting for his place in the Budget
of Paradoxes, and accordingly publishes a long letter to Professor De
Morgan, with various prefaces and postscripts. The letter opens by a hint
that the Budget appears at very long intervals, and 'apparently without any
sufficient reason for it.' As Mr. Smith hints that he should like to see
Mr. De Morgan, whom he calls an 'elephant of mathematics,' 'pumping his
brains' 'behind the scenes'--an odd thing for an elephant to do, and an odd
place to do it in--to get an answer, we think he may mean to hint that the
Budget is delayed until the pump has worked successfully. Mr. Smith is
informed that we have had the whole manuscript of the Budget, excepting
only a final summing-up, in our hands since October, 1863. [This does not
refer to the Supplement.] There has been no delay: we knew from the
beginning that a series of historical articles would be frequently
interrupted by the things of the day. Mr. James Smith lets out that he has
never been able to get a private line from Mr. De Morgan in answer to his
communications: we should have guessed it. He says, 'The Professor is an
old bird and not to be easily caught, and by no efforts of mine have I been
able, up to the present moment, either to induce or twit him into a
discussion....' Mr. Smith curtails the proverb: old birds are not to be
caught with _chaff_, nor with _twit_, which seems to be Mr. Smith's word
for his own chaff, and, so long as the first letter is sounded, a very
proper word.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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