A century of science in America : $b with special reference to the American Journal of Science, 1818-1918
History
A century of science in America : $b with special reference to the American Journal of Science, 1818-1918
American journal of science; Science -- United States -- History
It will not be possible to review in detail the lines of work sketched
above. An outline of the synthetic work on systems of the mineral oxides
and a paragraph on the volcano researches will perhaps suffice to
indicate the general plan and purpose of the laboratory’s work. It
should be added that the results of many of the researches of the
laboratory, detailed below, have been published in the pages of the
Journal (see =21=, 89, 1906, and later volumes).
_Mineral Researches._—The mineral studies include:
I. _One-component systems_: silica, with its numerous polymorphic forms
and their relations to temperature and the conditions of rock formation;
alumina; magnesia; and lime.
II. _Two-component systems_: silica-alumina, including sillimanite and
related minerals; silica-magnesia, including the tetramorphic
metasilicate MgSiO_{3}; silica-lime, including wollastonite; the alkali
silicates, particularly with reference to their equilibria with carbon
dioxide and with water; ferric oxide-lime; alumina-lime;
alumina-magnesia, including spinel; and hematite-magnetite, a
solid-solution series of an unusual type.
III. _Three-component systems_: silica-alumina-magnesia, completed but
not yet published; silica-alumina-lime, complete, including the
compounds that enter into the composition of portland cement;
silica-magnesia-lime, completed but not yet published, including,
however, published work on the diopside-forsterite-silica system, and on
the CaSiO_{3}-MgSiO_{3} series; and alumina-magnesia-lime.
IV. _Four components_: SiO_{2}-Al_{2}O_{3}-MgO-CaO: the incomplete
system anorthite-forsterite-silica; SiO_{2}-Al_{2}O_{3}-CaO-Na_{2}O: the
series of lime-soda feldspars (albite-anorthite), and the series
nephelite (carnegieite)-anorthite; SiO_{2}-Al_{2}O_{3}-Na_{2}O-K_{2}O:
the sodium-potassium nephelites.
V. _Five components_: SiO_{2}-Al_{2}O_{3}-MgO-CaO-Na_{2}O: the ternary
system diopside-anorthite-albite (haplo-basaltic and haplo-dioritic
magmas).
Fairly complete studies have also been made of the mineral sulphides of
iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and mercury, and the conditions controlling
the secondary enrichment of copper sulphide ores are now being
investigated. In connection with the sulphide investigations, the
hydrated oxides of iron have been studied chemically and microscopically
and the results will soon be ready for publication.
Throughout the work the mere accumulation of bodies of facts has been
held to be secondary in importance to the development of new methods of
attack and the evaluation of new general principles, and the specific
problems studied have been selected from this point of view.
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