The growth of evolution is set forth in the Journal in Asa Gray’s article on Charles Darwin (=24=, 453, 1882), which speaks of the latter as “the most celebrated man of science of the nineteenth century,” and, in addition, as “one of the most kindly and charming, unaffected, simple-hearted, and lovable of men.” In regard to the rise of evolution in America, more can be had from Dana’s paper on Asa Gray (=35=, 181, 1888). Here we read, as a sequel to his Thoughts on Species, that the “paper may be taken, perhaps, as a culmination of the past, just as the new future was to make its appearance.” Finally, in this connection there should be mentioned O. C. Marsh’s paper on Thomas Henry Huxley (=50=, 177, 1895), wherein is recorded the latter’s share in the upbuilding of the evolutionary theory. We have seen that originally Dana was a creationist, but in the course of his long and fruitful life he gradually became an evolutionist, and rather a Neo-Lamarckian than a Darwinian. This change may be traced in the various editions of his Manual of Geology, and in the last edition of 1895 he says his “speculative conclusions” of 1852 in regard to the origin of species are not in “accord with the author’s present judgment.” “The evidence in favor of evolution by variation is now regarded as essentially complete.” On the other hand, while man is “unquestionably” closely related in structure to the man-apes, yet he is not linked to them but stands apart, through “the intervention of a Power above Nature.... Believing that Nature exists through the will and ever-acting power of the Divine Being, and ... that the whole Universe is not merely dependent on, but actually is, the Will of one Supreme Intelligence, Nature, with Man as its culminant species, is no longer a mystery.” In America most of the paleontologists are Neo-Lamarckian, a school that was developed independently by E. D. Cope (1840–1897) through the vertebrate evidence, and by Alpheus Hyatt (1838–1902) mainly on the evidence of the ammonites. They hold that variations and acquired characters arise through the effects of the environment, the mechanics of the organism resulting from the use and disuse of organs, etc. One of the leading exponents of this school is A. S. Packard, whose book on Lamarck, His Life and Work, 1901, fully explains the doctrines of the Neo-Lamarckians. _The Growth of Invertebrate Paleontology._ How and by whom paleontology has been developed has been fully stated in the Journal in a very clear manner by Professor Marsh in his memorable presidential address of 1879, History and Methods of Palæontological Discovery (=18=, 323, 1879), and by Karl von Zittel in his most interesting book, History of Geology and Palæontology, 1901. In this discussion we shall largely follow Marsh.