7. It is yet, _cæteris paribus_, a higher degree of schism to divide yourselves (a person or a church) from the universal church without just cause, though you separate from it but _secundum quid_, in some accidental respect where unity is needful (for where unity is not required, there disunion is no sin): yet such a person that is separate but _secundum quid_, from something accidental, or integral, but not essential to the catholic church, is still a catholic christian, though he sin. [Sidenote: A heretic and apostate what.] 8. But as for the highest degree of all, viz. to separate from the universal church _simpliciter_, or in some essential respect, this is done by nothing but by heresy or apostasy. However the papists make men believe that schismatics that are neither heretics nor apostates, do separate themselves wholly or simply from the catholic church, this is a mere figment of their brains. For he that separateth not from the church in any thing essential to it, doth not truly and simply separate from the church, but _secundum quid_, from something separable from the church. But whatever is essential to the church is necessary to salvation; and he that separateth from it upon the account of his denying any thing necessary to salvation, is a heretic or apostate: that is, if he do it, as denying some one (or more) essential point of faith or religion, while he pretendeth to hold all the rest, he is a heretic: if he deny the whole christian faith, he is a flat apostate: and these are more than to be schismatics. The word heresy also is variously taken by ecclesiastic writers. Austin will have heresy to be an inveterate schism: Jerom maketh it to be some perverse opinion: some call every schism which gathereth a separated party from the rest, by the name of heresy; some call it a heresy if there be a perilous error though without any schism; some call it a heresy only when schism is made, and a party separated upon the account of some perilous error. Some say this error must be damnable, that is, in the essentials of religion; and some say, it is enough if it be but dangerous. Among all these, the commonest sense of a heretic is, one that obstinately erreth in some essential point, and divideth from the communion of other christians upon that account. And so Paræus and many protestants take heresy for the species, and schism for the genus. All schism is not heresy; but all heresy, say they, is schism. Remember that all this is but a controversy _de nomine_, and therefore of small moment. [Sidenote: Who are true schismatics.]