A Christian Directory, Part 4: Christian PoliticsBaxter, Richard
Religion
A Christian Directory, Part 4: Christian Politics
Baxter, Richard
Casuistry; Christian sociology
_Object._ I. The painters of the leviathan scorn all politics, as
ignorant of the power of monarchs, except the atheistical inventions
of their own brains. And the adversaries of monarchy say, The reading
of politics will satisfy men against monarchy; for in them you
ordinarily find that the _majestas realis_ is in the people, and
the _majestas personalis_ in the prince; that the prince
receiveth all his power from the people, to whom it is first given,
and to whom it may be forfeited and escheat: with much more of the
like, as is to be seen in politicians of all religions.
_Answ._ 1. It is not all politics that go upon those principles:
and one mistake in writers is no disgrace to the true doctrine of
politics, which may be vindicated from such mistakes. 2. As almost all
authors of politics take monarchy for a lawful species of government,
so most or very many (especially of the moderns) do take it to be the
most excellent sort of unmixed government. Therefore they are no
enemies to it.
_Object._ II. For lawyers, they say, That, 1. Civilians set up
reason so high, that they dangerously measure the power of monarchs by
it; insomuch, that the most famous pair of zealous and learned
defenders of monarchy, Barclay and Grotius, do assign many cases, in
which it is lawful to resist princes by arms, and more than so.[87] 2.
And the common lawyers, they say, are all for the law, and ready to
say as Hooker, _Lex facit regem_; and what power the king hath,
he hath it by law, The bounds are known, p. 218. He is _singulis
major, et universis minor, &c._
_Answ._ 1. Sure the Roman civil laws were not against monarchy,
when monarchs made so many of them. And what power reason truly hath,
it hath from God, whom none can over-top; and that which reason is
abused unjustly to defend, may be well contradicted by reason indeed.
2. And what power the laws of the land have, they have by the king's
consent and act: and it is strange impudence to pretend, that his own
laws are against him. If any misinterpret them, he may be confuted.
_Object._ III. For historians, say they, Be but well-versed in
ancient history, Greek and Roman, and you shall find them speak so ill
of monarchy, and so much for popularity, and liberty, and magnifying
so much the defenders of the people's liberty against monarchs, that
it will secretly steal the dislike of monarchy, and the love of
popular liberty into your minds.[88]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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