A Civic Biology, Presented in ProblemsHunter, George W. (George William)
Science
A Civic Biology, Presented in Problems
Hunter, George W. (George William)
Biology; Sanitation
The Relation of Environment to Diet.--We are all aware of the fact that the
body seems to crave more food in winter than in summer. The temperature of
the body is maintained at 98.6 deg. in winter as in summer, but much more heat
is lost from the body in cold weather. Hence feeding in winter should be
for the purpose of maintaining our fuel supply. We need heat-producing
food, and we need _more_ food in winter than in summer. We may use
carbohydrates for this purpose, as they are economical and digestible. The
inhabitants of cold countries get their heat-releasing foods largely from
fats. In tropical countries and in hot weather little protein should be
eaten and a considerable amount of fresh fruit used.
The Relation of Age to Diet.--As we will see a little later, age is a
factor not only in determining the kind but the amount of food to be used.
Young children require far less food than do those of older growth or
adults. The body constantly increases in weight until young manhood, or
womanhood, then its weight remains nearly stationary, varying with health
or illness. It is evident that food in adults simply repairs the waste of
cells and is used to supply energy. Elderly people need much less protein
than do younger persons. But inasmuch as the amount of food to be taken
into the body should be in proportion to the body weight, it is also
evident that growing children do not, as is popularly supposed, need as
much food as grown-ups.
The Relation of Sex to Diet.--As a rule boys need more food than girls, and
men than women. This seems to be due to, first, the more active muscular
life of the man and, secondly, to the greater amount of fat in the tissues
of the woman, making loss of heat less. Larger bodies, because of greater
surface, give off more heat than smaller ones. Men are usually larger in
bulk than are women,--another reason for more food in their case.
The Relation of Digestibility to Diet.--Animal foods in general may be said
to be more completely digested within the body than plant foods. This is
largely due to the fact that plant cells have woody walls that the
digestive juices cannot act upon. Cereals and legumes are less digestible
foods than are dairy products, meat, or fish. This does not mean
necessarily that these foods would not agree with you or me but that in
general the body would get less nourishment out of the total amount
available.
The agreement or disagreement of food with an individual is largely a
personal matter. I, for example, cannot eat raw tomatoes without suffering
from indigestion, while some one else can digest tomatoes but not
strawberries. Each individual should learn early in life the foods that
disagree with him personally and leave such foods out of his dietary. For
"what is one man's meat may be another man's poison."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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