Another study was made by a certain doctor in Sweden, from records of 1082 deaths occurring in his own practice and the local hospital. No case was counted as alcoholic of which there was the slightest doubt. Of deaths of adult men, 18 in every 100 were due, directly or indirectly, to alcoholism. In middle life, between the ages of 40 and 50, 29; and between 50 and 60 years of age, 25.6 out of every 100 deaths had alcohol as one cause, thus agreeing with other statistics we have been quoting.--From the _Metropolitan_, Vol. XXV, Number 11. [Illustration: The proportion of crime due to alcohol is shown in black.] The Relation of Alcohol to Crime.--A recent study of more than 2500 habitual users of alcohol showed that over 66 per cent had committed crime. Usually the crimes had been done in saloons or as a result of quarrels after drinking. Of another lot of 23,581 criminals questioned, 20,070 said that alcohol had led them to commit crime. The Relation of Alcohol to Pauperism.--We have already spoken of the Jukes family. These and many other families of a similar sort are more or less directly a burden upon the state. Alcohol is in part at least responsible for the condition of such families. Alcohol weakens the efficiency and moral courage, and thus leads to begging, pauperism, petty stealing or worse, and ultimately to life in some public institution. In Massachusetts, of 3230 inmates of such institutions, 66 per cent were alcoholics. The Relation of Alcohol to Heredity.--Perhaps the gravest side of the alcohol question lies here. If each one of us had only himself to think of, the question of alcohol might not be so serious. But drinkers may hand down to their unfortunate children tendencies toward drink as well as nervous diseases of various sorts; an alcoholic parent may beget children who are epileptic, neurotic, or even insane. In the State of New York there are at the present time some 30,000 insane persons in public and private hospitals. It is believed that about one fifth of them, or 6000 patients, owe their insanity to alcohol used either by themselves or by their parents. In the asylums of the United States there are 150,000 insane people. Taking the same proportions as before, there are 30,000 persons in this country whom alcohol has made or has helped to make insane. This is the most terrible side of the alcohol problem. REFERENCE READING ELEMENTARY Hunter, _Laboratory Problems in Civic Biology_. American Book Company. Overton, _General Hygiene_. American Book Company. The Gulick Hygiene Series, _Emergencies, Good Health, The Body at Work, Control of Body and Mind_. Ginn and Company. Ritchie, _Human Physiology_. World Book Company. Hough and Sedgwick, _The Human Mechanism_. Ginn and Company. XXIV. MAN'S IMPROVEMENT OF HIS ENVIRONMENT