During this period there were 49 cases of typhoid and 19 deaths in the near-by city of San Antonio. But in camp, _where vaccination for typhoid was required_, all were practically immune. In the army at large, since typhoid vaccination has been practiced, 1908-1909, the death rate from typhoid has dropped from 2.9 per 1000 to .03 per 1000, a wonderful record when we remember that during the Spanish-American War 86 per cent of the deaths in the army were from typhoid fever. [Illustration: The best cures for tuberculosis are rest, plenty of fresh out-of-door air, and wholesome food.] [Illustration: A sanitarium for tuberculosis. Notice the outdoor sleeping rooms.] How the Board of Health fights Tuberculosis.--Tuberculosis, which a few years ago killed fully one seventh of the people who died from disease in this country, now kills less than one tenth. This decrease has been largely brought about because of the treatment of the disease. Since it has been proved that tuberculosis if taken early enough is curable, by quiet living, good food, and _plenty_ of fresh air and light, we find that numerous sanitaria have come into existence which are supported by private or public means. At these sanitaria the patients _live_ out of doors, especially sleep in the air, while they have plenty of nourishing food and little exercise. The department of health of New York City maintains a sanitarium at Otisville in the Catskill Mountains. Here people who are unable to provide means for getting away from the city are cared for at the city's expense and a large percentage of them are cured. In this way and by tenement house laws which require proper air shafts and window ventilation in dwellings, by laws against spitting in public places, and in other ways, the boards of health in our towns and cities are waging war on tuberculosis. Ex-President Roosevelt said, in one of his latest messages to Congress:-- "There are about 3,000,000 people seriously ill in the United States, of whom 500,000 are consumptives. _More than half of this illness is preventable._ If we count the value of each life lost at only $1700 and reckon the average earning lost by illness at $700 a year for grown men, we find that the economic gain from mitigation of preventable disease in the United States would exceed $1,500,000,000 a year. This gain can be had through medical investigation and practice, school and factory hygiene, restriction of labor by women and children, the education of the people in both public and private hygiene, and through improving the efficiency of our health service, municipal, state, and national."