A Civic Biology, Presented in ProblemsHunter, George W. (George William)
Science
A Civic Biology, Presented in Problems
Hunter, George W. (George William)
Biology; Sanitation
Fifth week. THE STUDY OF A WATER-BREATHING VERTEBRATE. Two days. The fish,
adaptations in body, fins, for food getting, for breathing. Structure of
gills shown. Laboratory demonstration to show how water gets to the gills.
Drawings. Outline of fish, gills. Required trip to aquarium. Object, to see
fish in environment. One day. Home work at market. Why are some fish more
expensive than others. Economic importance of fish. Relation of habits of
(_a_) food getting, (_b_) spawning to catching and extermination of fish.
Two days. Means of preventing overfishing, stocking, fishing laws,
artificial fertilization of eggs, methods. Development of fish egg.
Comparison with that of frog and bird.
Sixth week. THE FACTORS UNDERLYING PLANT AND ANIMAL BREEDING. Study of
pupils in class to show heredity and variation. Conclusion. Animals tend to
vary and to be like their ancestors. Heredity, role of sex cells,
chromosomes. Principles of plant breeding. Selective planting, hybridizing,
work of Darwin, Mendel, De Vries, and Burbank. Methods and results. Animal
breeding, examples given, results. Improvement of man: (1) by control of
environment, (_a_) example of clean-up campaign, 1913; (2) by control of
individual, personal hygiene, and control of heredity. Eugenics. Examples
from Davenport, Goddard, etc.
Seventh week. THE HUMAN MACHINE. Skin, bones and muscles, function of each.
Examples and demonstration with skeleton. Organs of body cavity; show
manikin. Work done by cells in body.
Eighth week. STUDY OF FOODS to determine: (_a_) nutritive value. Exercise
with food charts to determine foods rich in water, starch, sugar, fats,
proteins, mineral salts, refuse. One day. (_b_) Nutritive value of foods as
related to work, age, sex, environment, cost, and digestibility. Foods
compared to determine what is really a cheap food.
Ninth week. HOW THE FUEL VALUE OF FOOD HAS BEEN DETERMINED. The dietaries
of Atwater, Chittenden, and Voit. The 100-calorie portion table and its
use.
Tenth week. THE APPLICATION OF THE 100-CALORIE PORTION TO THE MAKING OF THE
DAILY DIETARIES. Luncheon dietaries. A balanced dietary for pupil for one
day. Family dietaries. Relation to cost. Reasons for this.
Eleventh week. FOOD ADULTERATIONS. Tests. Drugs and the alcohol question.
Twelfth week. DIGESTION. The alimentary canal of frog and of man compared.
Drawings. (One day.) The work of glands. Work of salivary gland. Enzymes,
internal secretions. Experiments to show (_a_) digestion of starch by
saliva, (_b_) digestion of proteins by gastric or pancreatic juice, (_c_)
emulsification of fats in the presence of an alkaline medium. Functions of
other digestive glands. Movements of stomach and intestine discussed and
explained.
Thirteenth week. ABSORPTION. How it takes place, where it takes place.
Passage of foods into blood, function of liver, glycogen.
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