The following cases will illustrate the occasions on which a trespass-offering could be presented. A leper, on the occasion of his cleansing, owed a debt-offering to Jehovah, for the time of his exclusion from the camp; the Nazarite for a temporary suspension of his vow by touching a dead body (Num. vi. 12); a man, who had inadvertently appropriated or made away with anything consecrated to the Lord (Lev. v. 15, 16), or unwittingly violated a Divine prohibition (Lev. v. 17, 18), or denied a trust or any damage sustained by the thing entrusted, or denied having found some lost article of property, or sworn falsely in such a matter (Lev. vi. 2 ff.). In these cases, whether the wrong done was in a matter of property or to the Lord, the damage was made good with an overplus, generally a fifth of the value, while the trespass-offering itself was the substitute for the damages due to the Lord, and assessed by the priest. The victim was, as in the case of the sin-offering, _one animal only_, and always a ram. CHAPTER IV. _HOLY TIMES AND SEASONS._ EXOD. XX. LEVIT. XXIII. XXV. DEUT. XV. XVI. THE Holy Times and Seasons of the Israelites may be arranged under three heads. I. Those that were connected with the _Seventh Day of Rest_, such as (a) the _Weekly Sabbath_, (b) the _Month-Sabbath_ or _New Moon_, (c) the _Year-Sabbath_, (d) the _Year of Jubilee_. II. The _Day of Atonement_. III. The _Great Historical Festivals_; (a) The _Passover_, (b) The _Feast of Pentecost_ or _Weeks_, (c) The _Feast of Tabernacles_. I. Those connected with the _seventh Day of Rest_. (a) The observance of the weekly Sabbath, or day of Rest, is not improbably thought to have been known to the Israelites before the giving of the Law (Ex. xvi. 22, 23), as, indeed, the words of the Fourth Commandment, “_Remember_ the Sabbath-day to keep it holy,” seem to imply (Ex. xx. 8–11, comp. Gen. ii. 1–3). The observance of this day was appointed for _a perpetual covenant_, as _a sign between God and the children of Israel for ever_ (Ex. xxxi. 16, 17). It was to be shared by the whole people with the stranger; and, to complete the picture of tranquillity, with the animals. Bodily labour was strictly prohibited: it was unlawful to kindle a fire for cooking food (Ex. xxxv. 3; Num. xv. 32), or to go out of the camp to gather manna (Ex. xvi. 22–30). Wilful desecration of the day was punished by stoning (Ex. xxxi. 14; Num. xv. 35). In the Tabernacle-service the daily burnt-offering was doubled (Num. xxviii. 9), the shew-bread was renewed (Lev. xxiv. 8), and the priestly course for the week commenced their duties.