_Arguments Containing Inverted Propositions._ (7) “Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy.” The first proposition, being poetical in construction, is typical of the inverted form. These are usually made logical by _simple conversion_. Since premises usually follow “_for_,” or equivalent word-signs, it is easy to see that “for they shall obtain mercy” is one of the premises; while the other, the broader of the two, is understood. Arranged logically the argument assumes this form: M G A Those who obtain mercy are blessed, ———————————— S M A The merciful shall obtain mercy, ———————— S G A ∴ The merciful are blessed. ———————— { A Here we have the mood { A in the first figure, which we know to be { A valid. _Other arguments where one of the propositions is inverted._ “Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God.” “To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man.” “A king thou art and, therefore, thy commands shall be, yea, _must_ be obeyed.” Taking the inverted propositions in order and making each logical, the following is the result: “The pure in heart are blessed”; “You be true to yourself, and....”; “You are a king, therefore....” =5. ARGUMENTS WHICH ARE INCOMPLETE AND MORE OR LESS IRREGULAR.= (1) “He must be a star player; for he played fullback on the team which won the championship.” (2) “The man is not to be trusted; because he served a term of 90 days in jail.” (3) “Only material bodies gravitate, and ether does not gravitate.” (4) “If only fools despise knowledge, this man cannot be a fool.” (5) “A charitable man has no merit in relieving distress; because he merely does what is pleasing to himself.” (6) “It is evident that all who get justice buy it; since only the rich get it.” The above arguments thrown into logical form and validity or invalidity stated: (The student should test these in detail.) M (1) A All belonging to the team which won the championship were ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― G star players, ――――――― S M A He played with the team which won the championship, ―― S G A ∴ He is a star player. _Valid in form._ ―― M G (2) E One who serves a term of 90 days in jail is not to be trusted, ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― ――――――― S M A This man served a term of 90 days in jail, ―――