_The fallacy of division is committed when it is assumed that what is true collectively is true distributively._ Division is the converse of composition. Composition is a fallacious procedure from a distributive to a collective use; while division is a fallacious procedure from a collective to a distributive use. The fallacy of division may be illustrated by giving the converse of the illustrations under composition: (a) “The team is a star playing team; and since Smith is the ‘first baseman’ of the team, he must be a star player.” (b) “The jury rendered a just decision; hence the foreman is a fair minded man.” (c) Thirty-seven is an odd number, Nine and twenty-eight are thirty-seven, ∴ Nine and twenty-eight are odd numbers. (d) All the angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles, A is an angle of a triangle, ∴ A is equal to two right angles. (6) _Figure of Speech._ _This fallacy results from assuming that words of the same root have the same meaning._ Since the same root-word may be used as a noun, verb, adjective, etc., it does not follow that in these various forms it retains a common meaning. “Address” as a noun and “address” as a verb convey two distinct meanings. The following are examples of this fallacy: (a) No _designing_ person should be trusted, This architect is a _designer_, ∴ This architect should not be trusted. (b) Justifiable _investigation_ is wise, This man is a just _investigator_, ∴ This man is wise. These fallacies are not classed as those of “four terms” because two terms so _closely resemble_ each other in _form_, and yet they are not fallacies of ambiguous middle; since the middle terms are _not identical_ in form. =7. FALLACIES IN THOUGHT.= The fallacies in thought arise through a tendency to assume as true that which demands further proof. Any one who is more anxious to be _right_ than to _win_ will make sure that nothing has been taken for granted which should receive further investigation, or that no truth has been given a presumptuous twist in order to make it fit the particular case under discussion. Because these errors in thought may be attributed chiefly to undue assumptions, we may denominate them as the fallacies of assumption. (1) _Accident._ _The fallacy of accident occurs when one reasons from a general truth to an accidental case._ Doctrinaires and theoretic enthusiasts are partial to this fallacy. It is so easy to lay down a general formula or remedy and then attempt to apply it to every accidental circumstance. Grandmother with her catnip tea and mustard plaster, however we may cherish the memory of the dear old soul, was nevertheless guilty of the fallacy of accident. Applying maxims and proverbs to particular instances is still another way of committing the fallacy. EXAMPLES OF FALLACIES OF ACCIDENT.