A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of TeachingMcNair, George Hastings
Philosophy
A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching
McNair, George Hastings
Logic
When adapted to the school room the discoverer’s method naturally
resolves itself into these five steps:
(1) “Motivate” the topic for presentation.
(2) Bring to mind “foundational facts.”
(3) Vividly make evident the “crucial fact.”
(4) Lead to discovery of “lesson-point.”
(5) Afford opportunity for verification.
(11) The question and answer method of presenting work, does not
necessarily give full scope to the spirit of inquiry as emulated by the
true born discoverer.
As a matter of affording opportunity for the development of the spirit
of discovery, there are three modes of presentation which may be
arranged in a progressive series:
(1) The lecture mode in which there is little opportunity for
discovery.
(2) The question and answer mode which permits some opportunity for
discovery.
(3) The mode by suggestion which permits ample opportunity for
discovery.
=14. REVIEW QUESTIONS.=
(1) Show that thought may be made to make and break habit.
(2) “Induction directs to new truth, deduction aims to modify and
correct new truth.” Explain and illustrate this.
(3) Relate radicalism and conservatism to induction and deduction.
(4) Show that in the present day school situations, the spirit of
deduction prevails.
(5) Describe a discovery which is a typical illustration of the
_discoverer’s method_.
(6) Indicate with explanation the general steps in the discoverer’s
method.
(7) Show by illustration the difference between “foundational facts”
and “crucial facts.”
(8) Explain how the “crucial fact” leads to the construction of an
hypothesis.
(9) Explain and illustrate the two ways of verification.
(10) Distinguish between the inductive method as it is used in the
class room, and the inductive method as used by the discoverer.
(11) Show that in his inventions, man enlarges upon the thoughts of
nature.
(12) Explain “motivation” and show that it is a new name for an old
situation.
(13) In adapting the discoverer’s method to class work, what are the
successive steps to be followed?
(14) Show by illustration that the question and answer method is not
necessarily one which encourages the spirit of discovery.
=15. QUESTIONS FOR ORIGINAL THOUGHT AND INVESTIGATION.=
(1) “Our pet thoughts control us.” Discuss this.
(2) Select some class room experience for the purpose of showing that
induction is especially _directive_ in nature, whereas deduction
is more or less _corrective_ in nature.
(3) “There are just two kinds of people in the world, the
_Inductives_ and the _Deductives_.” Explain.
(4) Are the schools sending out too many _Deductives_? Argue the
question.
(5) “It is the business of the teacher to teach himself out of the
business.” Explain.
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