It has been stated that classification and division aim at the same result. Classification reduces multiplicity to unity while division differentiates unity into multiplicity. In short, division is _deductive_ while classification is _inductive_ in mode of procedure. Therefore, classification should be used in those situations which call for induction and division in cases where deduction is the better method. Speaking generally, classification should be used with small children when the essential thing is to present the concrete facts with a view of leading the children to discover for themselves the truths contained therein. With older pupils division may be used, if the purpose is to set in order facts which are already known. =10. TOPICAL OUTLINE.= LOGICAL DIVISION AND CLASSIFICATION. (1) Nature of Logical Division. Genus――species. Illustrations. (2) Logical Division Distinguished from Enumeration. Illustrations. (3) Logical Division and Partition. Quantitative――qualitative. How summarized. (4) Four Rules of Logical Division. (1) One principle――cross division. (2) Mutually exclusive. (3) Exhaustive――complete. (4) Immediate species. (5) Dichotomy. Contradictory terms. Tree of Porphyry. Use illustrated. (6) Classification Compared with Division. (7) Kinds. Artificial――Natural. (8) Two Rules of Classification. (1) Appropriate. (2) Afford many Assertions. (9) Use of Division and Classification. =11. SUMMARY.= (1) Logical division is the process of separating a proximate genus into its co-ordinate species. (2) The first subdivision in a logical division gives class terms, while the first subdivision in an enumeration gives individual objects. (3) Partition is the process of separating an individual thing into its parts. These parts may be either quantitative or qualitative. A logical division of any genus may be summarized in a series of judgments of which a species is the subject and the genus is the predicate. (4) The four rules of logical division are: the division must (1) be based on one principle, (2) have species mutually exclusive, (3) be exhaustive and (4) proceed from proximate genus to immediate species. A violation of the first rule gives a cross division. Exhaustive division is easily confused with a complete or finished division. (5) Dichotomy is a continual division of a genus into two species which are contradictory in nature. An historical illustration of dichotomy is the Tree of Porphyry. Dichotomy is of service in the field of new and unexpected discoveries. (6) Classification is the process of grouping notions according to their resemblances or connections. Classification is inductive in nature, division deductive. Classification unifies, division differentiates.