archon at Athens, though a foreigner; and the same honours were conferred upon Plutarch. The perpetual archons, after the death of Codrus, were Medon, whose office began B.C. 1070; Acastus, 1050; Archippus, 1014; Thersippus, 995; Phorbas, 954; Megacles, 923; Diognetus, 893; Pherecles, 865; Ariphron, 846; Thespius, 826; Agamestor, 799; Æschylus, 778; Alcmæon, 756; after whose death the archons were decennial, the first of whom was Charops, who began 753; Æsimedes, 744; Clidicus, 734; Hippomenes, 724; Leocrates, 714; Apsander, 704; Eryxias, 694; after whom the office became annual, and of these annual archons Creon was the first. _Aristophanes_, _The Clouds_ & _The Birds_.――_Plutarch_, _Convivium Septem Sapientium_, ch. 1.――_Demosthenes._――_Pollux._――_Lysias._ =Archy̆lus Thurius=, a general of Dionysius the elder. _Diodorus_, bk. 14. =Archytas=, a musician of Mitylene, who wrote a treatise on agriculture. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――The son of Hestiæus of Tarentum, was a follower of the Pythagorean philosophy, and an able astronomer and geometrician. He redeemed his master, Plato, from the hands of the tyrant Dionysius, and for his virtues he was seven times chosen, by his fellow-citizens, governor of Tarentum. He invented some mathematical instruments, and made a wooden pigeon which could fly. He perished in a shipwreck about 394 years before the christian era. He is also the reputed inventor of the screw and the pulley. A fragment of his writings has been preserved by Porphyry. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 28.――_Cicero_, bk. 3, _On Oratory_.――_Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers_. =Arcĭtĕnens=, an epithet applied to Apollo, from his bearing a _bow_, with which, as soon as born, he destroyed the serpent Python. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 75. =Arctīnus=, a Milesian poet, said to be pupil to Homer. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1. =Arctophy̆lax=, a star near the great bear, called also Bootes. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 2, ch. 42. =Arctos=, a mountain near Propontis, inhabited by giants and monsters. ――――Two celestial constellations near the north pole, commonly called Ursa Major and Minor; supposed to be Arcas and his mother, who were made constellations. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 1.――_Aratus._ ――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 107. =Arctūrus=, a star near the tail of the great bear, whose rising and setting were generally supposed to portend great tempests. _Horace_, bk. 3, ode 1. The name is derived from its situation, ἀρκτος _ursus_, οὐρα _cauda_. It rises now about the beginning of October, and Pliny tells us it rose in his age on the 12th, or, according to Columella, on the 5th of September. =Ardălus=, a son of Vulcan, said to have been the first who invented the pipe. He gave it to the Muses, who on that account have been called _Ardalides_ and _Ardalīotides_. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 31. =Ardalia=, a country of Egypt. _Strabo._