=Argos= (singular neuter, and Argi, masculine plural), an ancient city, capital of Argolis in Peloponnesus, about two miles from the sea, on the bay called _Argolicus sinus_. Juno was the chief deity of the place. The kingdom of Argos was founded by Inachus 1856 years before the christian era, and after it had flourished for about 550 years, it was united to the crown of Mycenæ. Argos was built according to Euripides, _Iphigeneia in Aulis_, lis. 152, 534, by seven Cyclops who came from Syria. These Cyclops were not Vulcan’s workmen. The nine first kings of Argos were called _Inachides_, in honour of the founder. Their names were Inachus, Phoroneus, Apis, Argus, Chryasus, Phorbas, Triopas, Stelenus, and Gelanor. Gelanor gave a kind reception to Danaus, who drove him from his kingdom in return for his hospitality. The descendants of Danaus were called _Belides_. Agamemnon was king of Argos during the Trojan war; and, 80 years after, the Heraclidæ seized the Peloponnesus and deposed the monarchs. The inhabitants of Argos were called _Argivi_ and _Argolici_; and this name has been often applied to all the Greeks without distinction. _Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 56.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 15, &c.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 7.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 9, ch. 15.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 13, &c.; bk. 2, ch. 3. ――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, 4to, &c.――――A town of Thessaly, called Pelasgicon by the Pelasgians. _Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 355.――――Another in Epirus, called Amphilochium. =Argus=, a king of Argos, who reigned 70 years.――――A son of Arestor, whence he is often called _Arestorides_. He married Ismene the daughter of the Asopus. As he had 100 eyes, of which only two were asleep at one time, Juno set him to watch Io, whom Jupiter had changed into a heifer: but Mercury, by order of Jupiter, slew him, by lulling all his eyes asleep with the sound of his lyre. Juno put the eyes of Argus on the tail of the peacock, a bird sacred to her divinity. _Moschus_, _Idyl_.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, fables 12 & 13.――_Propertius_, bk. 1, li. 585, &c.; poem 3.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 2, ch. 1.――――A son of Agenor. _Hyginus_, fable 145. ――――A son of Danaus, who built the ship Argo. _Hyginus_, fable 14. ――――A Son of Jupiter and Niobe, the first child which the father of the gods had by a mortal. He built Argos, and married Evadne the daughter of Strymon. _Hyginus_, fable 145.――――A son of Pyras and Callirhoe. _Hyginus_, fable 145.――――A son of Phryxus. _Hyginus_, fable 3.――――A son of Polybus. _Hyginus_, fable 14.――――One of Actæon’s dogs. _Apollodorus._――――A dog of Ulysses, which knew his master after an absence of 20 years. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 17, li. 300. =Argyllæ=, an ancient name of Cære in Etruria. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 652; bk. 8, li. 478.