=Aristarchus=, a celebrated grammarian of Samos, disciple of Aristophanes. He lived the greatest part of his life at Alexandria, and Ptolemy Philometer entrusted him with the education of his sons. He was famous for his critical powers, and he revised the poems of Homer with such severity that ever after all severe critics were called _Aristarchi_. He wrote above 800 commentaries on different authors, much esteemed in his age. In his old age he became dropsical, upon which he starved himself, and died in his 72nd year, B.C. 157. He left two sons called Aristarchus and Aristagoras, both famous for their stupidity. _Horace_, _Art of Poetry_, li. 499. ――_Ovid_, bk. 3, _ex Ponto_, ltr. 9, li. 24.――_Cicero_, _Letters to his Friends_, bk. 3, ltr. 11; _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 1, ltr. 14. ――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――――A tragic poet of Tegea in Arcadia, about 454 years B.C. He composed 70 tragedies, of which two only were rewarded with the prize. One of them, called Achilles, was translated into Latin verse by Ennius. _Suidas._――――A physician to queen Berenice the widow of Antiochus. _Polyænus_, bk. 8.――――An orator of Ambracia.――――An astronomer of Samos, who first supposed that the earth turned round its axis, and revolved round the sun. This doctrine nearly proved fatal to him, as he was accused of disturbing the peace of the gods Lares. He maintained that the sun was 19 times further distant from the earth than the moon, and that the moon was 56 semi-diameters of our globe, and little more than one-third, and the diameter of the sun six or seven times more than that of the earth. The age in which he flourished is not precisely known. His treatise on the largeness and the distance of the sun and moon is extant, of which the best edition is that of Oxford, 8vo, 1688. =Aristazānes=, a noble Persian in favour with Artaxerxes Ochus. _Diodorus_, bk. 16. =Aristeas=, a poet of Proconnesus, who, as fables report, appeared seven years after his death to his countrymen, and 540 years after to the people of Metapontum in Italy, and commanded them to raise him a statue near the temple of Apollo. He wrote an epic poem on the Arimaspi in three books, and some of his verses are quoted by Longinus. _Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 13.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.――_Maximus Tyrius_, bk. 22.――――A ♦physician of Rhodes.――――A geometrician, intimate with Euclid.――――A poet, son of Demochares, in the age of Crœsus. ♦ ‘physican’ replaced with ‘physician’ =Aristĕræ=, an island on the coast of Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 34. =Aristeus=, a man of Argos, who excited king Pyrrhus to take up arms against his countrymen the Argives. _Polyænus_, bk. 8, ch. 68. =Aristhĕnes=, a shepherd who found Æsculapius, when he had been exposed in the woods by his mother Coronis. =Aristhus=, an historian of Arcadia. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1.