=Aristotīmus=, a tyrant of Elis, 271 years B.C. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 5. =Aristoxĕnus=, a celebrated musician, disciple of Aristotle, and born at Tarentum. He wrote 453 different treatises on philosophy, history, &c., and was disappointed in his expectations of succeeding in the school of Aristotle, for which he always spoke with ingratitude of his learned master. Of all his works nothing remains but three books upon music, the most ancient on that subject extant.――――A philosopher of Cyrene. _Athenæus._――――A physician whose writings are quoted by Galen.――――A poet of Selinus.――――A Pythagorean philosopher. =Aristus=, a Greek historian of Salamas, who wrote an account of Alexander’s expedition. _Strabo_, bk. 14.――_Arrian_, bk. 7. =Aristyllus=, an obscure poet. _Aristophanes._――――An astronomer of Alexandria, 292 B.C. =Arius=, a river of Gaul, and――――of Asia. The inhabitants in the neighbourhood are called Arii.――――A celebrated writer, the origin of the Arian controversy, that denied the eternal divinity and consubstantiality of the Word. Though he was greatly persecuted for his opinions, he gained the favour of the emperor Constantine, and triumphed over his powerful antagonist Athanasius. He died the very night he was going to enter the church of Constantinople in triumph. Pressed by nature, he went aside to ease himself; but his bowels gushed out, and he expired on the spot, A.D. 336. _Athanasius._ =Armĕnes=, a son of Nabis, led in triumph at Rome. _Livy_, bk. 34, ch. 1. =Armenia=, a large country of Asia, divided into Upper and Lower Armenia. Upper Armenia, called also Major, has Media on the east, Iberia on the north, and Mesopotamia on the south. Lower Armenia, or Minor, is bounded by Cappadocia, Armenia Major, Syria, Cilicia, and the Euphrates. The Armenians were a long time under the dominion of the Medes and Persians, till they were conquered with the rest of Asia, by Alexander and his successors. The Romans made it one of their provinces, and under some of the emperors the Armenians had the privilege of choosing their own kings, but they were afterwards reduced. The country received its name from Armenus, who was one of the Argonauts, and of Thessalian origin. They borrowed the names and attributes of their deities from the Persians. They paid great adoration to Venus Anaitis, and the chiefest of the people always prostituted their daughters in honour of this goddess. Armenia Major is now called Turcomania, and Minor, Aladulia. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 194; bk. 5, ch. 49.――_Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 12; bk. 5, ch. 1. ――_Strabo_, bks. 1 & 11.――_Mela_, bk. 3, chs. 5 & 8.――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 4, &c.――_Lucan_, bk. 2. =Armentarius=, a Cæsar in Diocletian’s reign. =Armillatus=, one of Domitian’s favourites. _Juvenal_, satire 4, li. 53.