murdering above 80 of his nearest relations. He punished with death one of his officers who conspired against him, and recovered Egypt, which had revolted, destroyed Sidon, and ravaged all Syria. He made war against the Cadusii, and greatly rewarded a private man called Codomanus for his uncommon valour. But his behaviour in Egypt, and his cruelty towards the inhabitants, offended his subjects, and Bagoas at last obliged his physician to poison him, B.C. 337, and afterwards gave his flesh to be devoured by cats, and made handles for swords with his bones. Codomanus, on account of his virtues, was soon after made king by the people; and that he might seem to possess as much dignity as the house of Artaxerxes, he reigned under the name of Darius III. _Justin_, bk. 10, ch. 3.――_Diodorus_, bk. 17. ――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 6, ch. 8. =Artaxerxes=, or =Artaxares I.=, a common soldier of Persia, who killed Artabanus, A.D. 228, and erected Persia again into a kingdom, which had been extinct since the death of Darius. Severus the Roman emperor conquered him, and obliged him to remain within his kingdom. _Herodian_, bk. 5.――――One of his successors, son of Sapor, bore his name, and reigned 11 years, during which he distinguished himself by his cruelties. =Artaxias=, son of Artavasdes king of Armenia, was proclaimed king by his father’s troops. He opposed Antony, by whom he was defeated, and became so odious that the Romans, at the request of the Armenians, raised Tigranes to the throne.――――Another, son of Polemon, whose original name was Zeno. After the expulsion of Vonones from Armenia, he was made king by Germanicus. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 6, ch. 31. ――――A general of Antiochus. _See:_ Artaxa. =Artayctes=, a Persian appointed governor of Sestos by Xerxes. He was hung on a cross by the Athenians for his cruelties. _Herodotus_, bks. 7 & 9. =Artaynta=, a Persian lady whom Xerxes gave in marriage to his son Darius. She was one of the mistresses of her father-in-law. _Herodotus_, bk. 9, ch. 103, &c. =Artayntes=, a Persian appointed over a fleet in Greece by Xerxes. _Herodotus_, bk. 8, ch. 13; bk. 9, ch. 107. =Artembares=, a celebrated Mede in the reign of Cyrus the Great. _Herodotus_, bks. 1 & 9.