the honourable appellation of _Augustus_. He has been accused of licentiousness and adultery by his biographer; but the goodness of his heart, and the fidelity of his friendship, which in some instances he possessed, made some amends for his natural foibles. He was ambitious of being thought handsome; and as he was publicly reported to be the son of Apollo, according to his mother’s declaration, he wished his flatterers to represent him with the figure and attributes of that god. Like Apollo, his eyes were clear, and he affected to have it thought that they possessed some divine irradiation; and was well pleased if, when he fixed his looks upon anybody, they held down their eyes as if overcome by the glaring brightness of the sun. He distinguished himself by his learning; he was a perfect master of the Greek language, and wrote some tragedies, besides memoirs of his life, and other works, all now lost. He was married three times; to Claudia, to Scribonia, and to Livia; but he was unhappy in his matrimonial connections, and his only daughter Julia by Scribonia disgraced herself and her father by the debauchery and licentiousness of her manners. He recommended, at his death, his adopted son Tiberius as his successor. He left his fortune, partly to Tiberius and to Drusus, and made donations to the army and to the Roman people. Virgil wrote his heroic poem at the desire of Augustus, whom he represented under the amiable and perfect character of Æneas. _Suetonius_, _The Twelve Caesars_.――_Horace._――_Virgil._ ――_Pausanias._――_Tacitus._――_Paterculus._――_Dio Cassius._――_Ovid._ ――――The name of _Augustus_ was afterwards given to the successors of Octavianus in the Roman empire as a personal, and the name of _Cæsar_ as a family, distinction. In a more distant period of the empire, the title of Augustus was given only to the emperor, while that of Cæsar was bestowed on the second person in the state, who was considered as presumptive heir. ♦ ‘or’ replaced with ‘of’ =Avĭdiēnus=, a rich and sordid man, whom _Horace_ styles happy, bk. 2, satire 2, li. 55. =Avidius Cassius=, a man saluted emperor, A.D. 175. He reigned only three months, and was assassinated by a centurion. He was called a second Catiline, from his excessive love of bloodshed. _Diodorus._ =Rufus Festus Aviēnus=, a poet in the age of Theodosius, who translated the phænomena of Aratus, as also all Livy, into iambic verses. The best edition of what remains of him is that of Cannegetier, 8vo, 1731. =Avitus=, a governor of Britain under Nero. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 14.――――Alcinus, a christian poet, who wrote a poem in six books on original sin, &c. =Avium=, a city between Tyre and Sidon. _Strabo_, bk. 16. =Aulerci=, a people of Gaul, between the Seine and the Loire. =Aulestes=, a king of the Etrurians when Æneas came into Italy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 290.