that their monarchy had lasted 11,340 years according to Herodotus. According to the calculation of Constantine Manasses, the kingdom of Egypt lasted 1663 years from its beginning under Misraim the son of Ham, 2188 B.C., to the conquest of Cambyses, 525 B.C. Egypt revolted afterwards from the Persian power, B.C. 414, and Amyrtæus then became king. After him succeeded Psammetichus, whose reign began 408 B.C.: Nephereus, 396: Acoris, 389: Psammuthis, 376: Nepherites, 4 months, and Nectanebis, 375: Tachos, or Teos, 363: Nectanebus, 361. It was conquered by Ochus, 350 B. C.; and after the conquest of Persia by Alexander, Ptolemy refounded the kingdom, and began to reign 323 B.C.: Philadelphus, 284: Evergetes, 246: Philopater, 221: Epiphanes, 204: Philomater, 180 and 169, conjointly with Evergetes II. or Physcon, for six years: Evergetes II. 145: Lathurus Soter, and his mother Cleopatra, 116: Alexander of Cyprus, and Cleopatra, 106: Lathurus Soter restored, 88: Cleopatra II. six months, with Alexander II. 19 days, 81: Ptolemy, surnamed Alexander III. 80: Dionysius, surnamed Auletes, 65: Dionysius II. with Cleopatra III. 51: Cleopatra III. with young Ptolemy, 46, and in 30 B.C. it was reduced by Augustus into a Roman province. The history of Egypt, therefore, can be divided into three epochas: the first beginning with the foundation of the empire, to the conquest of Cambyses; the second ends at the death of Alexander; and the third comprehends the reign of the Ptolemies, and ends at the death of Cleopatra, in the age of Augustus.――_Justin_, bk. 1.――_Hirtius_, _Alexandrine War_, ch. 24.――_Macrobius_, _Somnium Scipionis_, bk. 1, chs. 19 & 21.――_Herodian_, bk. 4, ch. 9.――_Strabo_, bk. 17.――_Herodotus_, bks. 2, 3, & 7.――_Theocritus_, _Idylls_, poem 17, li. 79.――_Polybius_, bk. 15.――_Diodorus_, bk. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 1; bk. 14, ch. 7.―― _Marcellinus_, bk. 22, ch. 40.――_Justin_, bk. 1.――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Pausanias_, bk. 3; _Iphicrates_; _Datames_, ch. 3.――_Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 1.――_Juvenal_, satire 15, li. 175.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 14.――_Plutarch_, _de Facie in Orbe Lunæ_; _de Iside et Osiride_; _Ptolemy_, _Alexander_.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, chs. 1 & 5.――――A minister of Mausolus king of Caria. _Polyænus_, bk. 6.――――The ancient name of the Nile. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, ♦bk. 14, li. 258.――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 40. ♦ ‘ξ’ replaced with ‘bk. 14’ =Ægys.= _See:_ Ægy. =Ægysthus.= _See:_ Ægisthus. =Ælia=, the wife of Sylla. _Plutarch_, _Sulla_.――――The name of some towns built or repaired by the emperor Adrian.