=Agesias=, a Platonic philosopher who taught the immortality of the soul. One of the Ptolemies forbade him to continue his lectures, because his doctrine was so prevalent that many of his auditors committed suicide. =Agesilāus=, king of Sparta, of the family of the Agidæ, was son of Doryssus and father of Archelaus. During his reign Lycurgus instituted his famous laws. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 204.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 2.――――A son of Archidamus, of the family of the Proclidæ, made king in preference to his nephew Leotychides. He made war against Artaxerxes king of Persia with success; but in the midst of his conquests in Asia, he was recalled home to oppose the Athenians and Bœotians, who desolated his country; and his return was so expeditious that he passed, in 30 days, over that tract of country which had taken up a whole year of Xerxes’ expedition. He defeated his enemies at Coronea; but sickness prevented the progress of his conquests, and the Spartans were beat in every engagement, especially at Leuctra, till he appeared at their head. Though deformed, small of stature, and lame, he was brave, and a greatness of soul compensated all the imperfections of nature. He was as fond of sobriety as of military discipline; and when he went, in his 80th year, to assist Tachus king of Egypt, the servants of the monarch could hardly be persuaded that the Lacedæmonian general was eating with his soldiers on the ground, bare-headed, and without any covering to repose upon. Agesilaus died on his return from Egypt, after a reign of 36 years, 362 B.C., and his remains were embalmed and brought to Lacedæmon. _Justin_, bk. 6, ch. 1.――_Plutarch_ & _Cornelius Nepos_, _Lives of Distinguished Romans_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 9.――_Xenophon_, _Oratation for Agesilaus_.――――A brother of Themistocles, who was sent as a spy into the Persian camp, where he stabbed Mardonius instead of Xerxes. _Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.――――A surname of Pluto.――――A Greek who wrote a history of Italy. =Agesipŏlis I.=, king of Lacedæmon, son of Pausanias, obtained a great victory over the Mantineans. He reigned 14 years, and was succeeded by his brother Cleombrotus, B.C. 380. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 5; bk. 8, ch. 8.――_Xenophon_, bk. 3, _Hellenica_. =Agesipŏlis II.=, son of Cleombrotus king of Sparta, was succeeded by Cleomenes II., B.C. 370. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 13; bk. 3, ch. 5. =Agesistrăta=, the mother of king Agis. _Plutarch_, _Agis_. =Agesistrătus=, a man who wrote a treatise entitled, _De arte machinali_. =Aggrammes=, a cruel king of the Gangarides. His father was a hair-dresser, of whom the queen became enamoured, and whom she made governor of the king’s children, to gratify her passion. He killed them to raise Aggrammes, his son by the queen, to the throne. _Curtius_, bk. 9, ch. 2. =Aggrīnæ=, a people near mount Rhodope. _Cicero_, _Against Piso_, ch. 37.