to be the Case of the Wife of _John Nightingale_ Esq; of _Brentwood_ in _Essex_, who in the Reign of _Edw._ the IVth, _An._ 1468, being reported to be a _Lazare_, and that she did converse and communicate with Persons in public and private Places, and not (according to custom) retire herself, but refused so to do, was accordingly examined by _William Hattecliff_, _Roger Marcall_, and _Dominicus de Serego_ the Kings Physicians; but they upon strict Inquiry adjudged her not to be _Leprous_, by reason the Appearances of the Disease were not sufficient: Some of the Questions put to the _Leprous-Persons_, which will more fully confirm what I have before advanced, I shall now give as I transcribed them from an Ancient Book of Surgery, _yf there were any of his lygnage that he knew to be_ Lazares _and especially their Faders and Moders; for by any other of their Kynred they ought not to be_ Lazares, _then ought ye to enquire yf he hath had the Company of any lepress Woman, and yf any_ Lazare _had medled with her afore him; and lately because of the infect matter and contagyous filth, that she had received of him. Also his nostrils be wyde outward, narrow within and gnawn. Also yf his lips and gummes are foul stynking and coroded, Also yf his voice be horse, and as he speaketh in the nose._ Now the Signs which are here mentioned, were looked upon to be _Univocal_: And these were they who made the _Examiners_ principally determine the Persons to be _Leprous_; but what Determinations any one would immediately give from such Symptoms now, no Person is surely ignorant of. But even these certain appearances would not always satisfy some Persons, if we may believe _Fælix Platenus_ in his _Medicinal_ and _Chirurgical_ Observations, _Lib._ 3. who tells us, some did not look upon them to be so, till they had an horrible aspect, were _hoarse_ and _Noses_ fell. Likewise in the _Examen Leprosorum_ printed in the _De Chirurgia Scriptores Optimi_, the Author speaking of the _Signs_ of the _Leprosy_ relating to the _Nose_, begins thus, _Si nares exterius secundum exteriorem partem ingrossentur, & interius constringantur, & coarctentur, secundo si appareat cartilaginis in medio corosio, et casus ejus significat Lepram incurabilem_. And the before mentioned _John Gadisden_ in his Chapter _de Lepra_ says as follows, _Signa confirmationis etiam incurabiliter sunt corrosio cartilaginis quæ est inter foramina & casus ejusdem_. Thus, Sir, have I proved we had a Distemper amongus some hundreds of Years before the _Venereal-Disease_ is said to have been known in _Europe_, which was called the _Burning_; that this _Burning_ was _Infectious_, and that it was the _first Degree_ of the _Venereal Disease_; that this being common at that time, from their Method of Treatment; the _Pox_ must be unavoidable: That it had exactly the same Appearances it has now, altho’ they were generally called by _different_ Names, that the Ancients confounded it