The chief (Fig. 194), which is a broad band across the top of the shield containing (theoretically, but not in fact) the uppermost third of the area of the field, is a very favourite ordinary. It is of course subject to the variations of the usual partition lines (Figs. 195-203). It is usually drawn to contain about one-fifth of the area of the field, though in cases where it is used for a landscape augmentation it will usually be found of a rather greater area. [Illustration: FIG. 188.--Saltire indented.] [Illustration: FIG. 189.--Saltire wavy.] [Illustration: FIG. 190.--Saltire nebuly.] [Illustration: FIG. 191.--Saltire raguly.] [Illustration: FIG. 192.--Saltire dovetailed.] [Illustration: FIG. 193.--Saltire parted and fretty.] The chief especially lent itself to the purposes of honourable augmentation, and is constantly found so employed. As such it will be referred to in the chapter upon augmentations, but a chief of this character may perhaps be here referred to with advantage, as this will {133} indicate the greater area often given to it under these conditions, as in the arms of Ross-of-Bladensburg (Plate II.). Knights of the old Order of St. John of Jerusalem and also of the modern Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England display above their personal arms a chief of the order, but this will be dealt with more fully in the chapter relating to the insignia of knighthood. [Illustration: FIG. 194.--Chief.] [Illustration: FIG. 195.--Chief engrailed.] [Illustration: FIG. 196.--Chief invecked.] [Illustration: FIG. 197.--Chief embattled.] [Illustration: FIG. 198.--Chief indented.] [Illustration: FIG. 199.--Chief dancetté.] [Illustration: FIG. 200.--Chief wavy.] [Illustration: FIG. 201.--Chief nebuly.] [Illustration: FIG. 202.--Chief raguly.] Save in exceptional circumstances, the chief is never debruised or surmounted by any ordinary. The chief is ordinarily superimposed over the tressure and over the bordure, partly defacing them by the elimination of the upper {134} part thereof. This happens with the bordure when it is a part of the original coat of arms. If, however, the chief were in existence at an earlier period and the bordure is added later as a mark of difference, the bordure surrounds the chief. On the other hand, if a bordure exists, even as a mark of difference, and a chief of augmentation is _subsequently_ added, or a canton for distinction, the chief or the canton in these cases would surmount the bordure. Similarly a bend when added later as a mark of difference surmounts the chief. Such a case is very unusual, as the use of the bend for differencing has long been obsolete. [Illustration: FIG. 203.--Chief dovetailed.] [Illustration: FIG. 204.--Arms of Peter de Dreux, Earl of Richmond (_c._ 1230): Chequy or and azure, a quarter ermine. (From his seal.)] [Illustration: FIG. 205.--Arms of De Vere, Earls of Oxford: Quarterly gules and or, in the first quarter a mullet argent.]