The Russians evacuate the important bridge-head of Jacobstadt (on the Dvina, 70 miles south-east of Riga). East Africa:--The British advancing from the direction of the port of Kilwa break up an enemy force and drive it in flight towards the Mbemkuru River. Sept. 22 (Sat.) The Germans occupy Jacobstadt (south-east of Riga). Ostend is shelled by British ships of the Belgian coast patrol. French air-raids on Stuttgart, Trèves, Coblenz, and Frankfurt. Sept. 24 (Mon.) A night raid on London by German aeroplanes (15 killed). Sept. 25 (Tues.) A British naval force bombards Ostend. A night raid on London by German aeroplanes (7 killed); one raider is destroyed. Sept. 26 (Wed.) The British attack on a six-mile front east of Ypres; Polygon Wood and Zonnebeke are captured. Sept. 27 (Thur.) A raid by British naval airmen on the German aerodrome at St. Denis Westrem (near Ghent). Sept. 28 (Fri.) Mesopotamia:--The Turks are crushingly defeated by General Maude at Ramadieh on the Euphrates (the Battle of Ramadieh). Sept. 29 (Sat.) Mesopotamia:--The British victory at Ramadieh ends in the surrender of the Turkish force; over 3000 unwounded prisoners are captured. A night raid on London by German aeroplanes (11 killed). Sept. 30 (Sun.) A night raid on London by German aeroplanes. Oct. 1 (Mon.) East of Ypres strong German counter-attacks are repulsed by the British. East Africa:--An enemy detachment of 200 surrenders to the British north of the Central Railway. A night raid on London by German aeroplanes (10 killed). Oct. 2 (Tues.) H.M.S. _Drake_ (cruiser) is torpedoed off the north coast of Ireland; she makes harbour and sinks in shallow water (19 lives lost). Oct. 4 (Thur.) The British attack Passchendaele Ridge; positions of great importance and 4500 prisoners are captured. Oct. 5 (Fri.) An explosion occurs in a munitions factory at Chilwell, with heavy loss of life. Oct. 6 (Sat.) Peru and Uruguay break off diplomatic relations with Germany. German counter-attacks at Passchendaele are repulsed with heavy loss. Oct. 9 (Tues.) Death of Hussein Kamel, Sultan of Egypt since 1914 (see Dec. 18, 1914). The British and French attack between Passchendaele Ridge and Houthulst Forest; the villages of St. Jean, Mangelaere, Veldhoek, and Koekuit are taken, and the capture of Poelcappelle is completed. East Africa:--A Belgian column occupies Mahenge. A serious mutiny which occurred in the German Navy in August is announced in the German Reichstag. H.M.S. _Champagne_ (armed merchant-cruiser) is sunk by a submarine in the Atlantic (56 lives lost). Oct. 11 (Thur.) The British Government stops commercial cable communication with Holland until the transit of sand and scrap-iron by Dutch waterways from Germany into Belgium shall be discontinued. Oct. 12 (Fri.) The British again attack between Passchendaele and Houthulst Forest; their progress is checked by the mud.