The Italians continue to retreat; their line is pierced on the Julian Front; 60,000 prisoners and 500 guns are claimed by the enemy to date. Oct. 27 (Sat.) The French and Belgians advance on either side of the Ypres-Dixmude road: Merckem is captured. American troops are in action in France for the first time (see June 26). The Gulf of Riga:--The Germans evacuate the mainland of Esthonia (see Oct. 21). Italy:--The Germans capture Cividale and sweep into the Friulian plain; 80,000 prisoners are claimed to date. An action between Allied and German destroyers off the Belgian coast. Oct. 28 (Sun.) A new Italian Cabinet is formed under Signor Orlando. Fall of Gorizia: the Italians retreat towards the line of the Tagliamento; 100,000 prisoners and 700 guns are claimed by the enemy to date (see Aug. 8, 1916). Oct. 29 (Mon.) Italy:--The Austro-Germans occupy Udine. Oct. 30 (Tues.) Resignation of Herr Michaelis, the German Imperial Chancellor (see July 14). The British advance on the Passchendaele Ridge and reach the outskirts of Passchendaele. Oct. 31 (Wed.) The remains of the Italian Second and Third Armies are withdrawn behind the Tagliamento River; 120,000 prisoners and over 1000 guns are claimed by the enemy to date. Palestine:--The British, under General Allenby, resume the offensive on the Gaza Front; Beersheba is captured; 1800 prisoners and 15 guns are taken. A night raid on London by German aeroplanes (8 killed). Nov. 1 (Thur.) Count Hertling succeeds Herr Michaelis as German Imperial Chancellor (see Oct 1, 1918). Palestine:--General Allenby captures an important section of the defences of Gaza and advances north of Beersheba. Nov. 2 (Fri.) The Germans abandon the whole line of the Chemin-des-Dames; they retire from its northern slopes across the Ailette. Italy:--The Austro-Germans reach the east bank of the Tagliamento. A British naval force sinks a German auxiliary cruiser and ten German patrol craft in the Kattegat. Nov. 3 (Sat.) The French reach the Ailette on the whole front between Corbeny and the Oise-Aisne Canal. French troops arrive in Italy. Nov. 4 (Sun.) British troops arrive in Italy. The Austro-Germans force the passage of the Tagliamento north of Pinzano. Nov. 5 (Mon.) The Italians retreat from the Tagliamento towards the Piave. Mesopotamia:--General Maude defeats the Turks before Tekrit (100 miles beyond Baghdad). Nov. 6 (Tues.) The British capture Passchendaele (this ends the Third Battle of Ypres: see July 31). Palestine:--The British capture important positions eleven miles north of Beersheba. Mesopotamia:--The British capture Tekrit. Nov. 7 (Wed.) A _coup d'état_ in Petrograd by the Bolshevists under Lenin: Kerenski and the Provisional Government are overthrown; Lenin and Trotsky become masters of the situation. The Italians reach the Livenza, the passage of which is forced by the Austro-Germans; 250,000 prisoners and 2300 guns are claimed by the enemy to date.