A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád': Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and; that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not; Allowed in The Koran - 1885Cherágh Ali
Islamic
A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád': Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and; that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not; Allowed in The Koran - 1885
Cherágh Ali
Islam -- Apologetic works; Islam -- Relations; Jihad; War -- Religious aspects -- Islam
Abu Hurera's narration is also admitted as apocryphal; _vide
Dur-rul-mansoor_, by Soyuti.
All these traditions are noted by Soyuti in his _Dur-rul-mansoor_.
The tradition by Nasaee (died 303 A.H.) from Anas (died 90 A.H.)
regarding the affair of a slave is equally contradicted by the tradition
from Ayesha, the widow of the Prophet, narrated by the traditionist
Nasaee in the same place of his collection of traditions. This is the
story of the honey. _Vide_ para. 16, _ubi supra_. Ayesha's tradition is
more trustworthy than that of Anas. Hammad bin Salma, a narrator in the
ascription of Anas, has been impeached owing to the confusion of his
memory in the later days of his life (_vide Tekreeb_). Sabit, another
link in the same chain, was a story-teller by profession (_vide Zahabi's
Tabakat_,) and cannot be depended upon. And Nasaee himself has rejected
the tradition ascribed to Anas, and is reported to have said that
Ayesha's tradition has good ascription, while there is nothing valid in
that regarding Maria; _vide_ Kamalain's Annotations on _Jelalain in
loco_.]
[Footnote 369: The Life of Mahomet by Sir W. Muir, Vol. IV, page 310.]
[Footnote 370: _Ibid_, Vol. III, page 228, and _footnote_ at pp. 229 and
230.]
[Footnote 371: The Life of Mahomet by Sir W. Muir, page 228. The
_italics_ are mine.]
[Footnote 372: Muir's Life of Mahomet, Vol. III, page 229. The tradition
quoted by Sir W. Muir in this page is apocryphal and technically
_Mursal_.]
[Footnote 373: _Ibid_, p. 230.]
[Footnote 374: "(T.A.) _he made_ [a thing] _lawful_, or _allowable_, to
him (Jel in XXXIII, 38, and Kull in page 275 and T.A.*) relating to a
case into which a man has brought himself (Kull): this is said to be the
meaning when the phrase occurs in the Kur:" An Arabic-English Lexicon,
by Edward William Lane, page 2375.]
[Footnote 375: The Life of Mahomet, Vol. III, page 231.]
[Footnote 376: Vide _Seerat Halabi_; or, _Insan-ul-Oyoon_, Vol. II, page
402.]
[Footnote 377: Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. III, pp.
409-410.]
[Footnote 378: Vide _Dur-rul-mansoor_, by Sayuti, _in loco_.]
[Footnote 379: Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. II, page
207.]
[Footnote 380: Narrated by Ibn Sad and Hakim.]
[Footnote 381: _Vide_ Abdur Razzak. Abd bin Hamid, Ibn Jarir,
Ibn-al-Monzar, Ibn Abi Hatim, and Tabrani's Collections of Traditions.]
Appendix C.
The references to the particular events and circumstances relating to
the defensive wars mentioned in the Koran, quoted and referred by me in
this work, may be classified as follows:--
I.--The Persecutions of the Koreish at Mecca (B.H. 10-1).
Sura xvi, 43, 44, 111.
Sura ii, 210, 214, 215.
Sura iii, 194.
Sura iv, 97, 99, 100.
Sura xxii, 57.
Sura lx, 8, 9.
Sura xlvii, 14.
Sura xlviii, 25.
Sura ix, 40, 48, 95.
II.--The Aggressions of the Koreish at Medina, as well as those of the
Inhabitants thereof (A.H. 10).
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