=Cotton, John.= _E._, 1585-1652. The foremost clergyman of his century in New England. He came to the Massachusetts colony in 1633, having been for 20 years vicar of St. Botolph’s church in Boston, Lincolnshire. He was at once made teacher of the church in the new settlement of Boston, and until his death exercised an influence in church and state unequalled by any one since in New England. He was a prolific writer, but his writings have no charm of style, and the power which he wielded was a force that lay in the man himself, not in his books. His principal works comprise The Bloody Tenet Washed and made White in the Blood of the Lamb, a reply to Roger Williams’s famous “Bloody Tenet of Persecution”; A Brief Exposition upon Ecclesiastes; The Covenant of Grace; The Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven; The Way of the Congregational Churches Cleared; The Way of Life; Treatise concerning Predestination; The New Covenant; Meat for Strong Men, Spiritual Milk for Babes. _See Cotton Mather’s Magnalia; Lives by Norton, 1653; McClure, 1843; Tyler’s American Literature._ =Coues= [kŏwz], =Elliott.= _N. H._, 1842-1899. An eminent naturalist connected with the Smithsonian Institution. Key to North American Birds; Field Ornithology; Birds of the Northwest; Fur-Bearing Animals; Check List of North American Birds; Birds of the Colorado Valley; New England Bird Life (with W. A. Stearns); Biogen, a Speculation on the Origin of Life; The Dæmon of Darwin; Our Native Birds. _Est. Le. Wn._ =Coulter, John Merle.= _Ch._, 1851- ----. A botanist who was president of the Indiana State University, 1891-93. Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado (with T. C. Porter); Manual of Rocky Mountain Botany; Manual of Texan Botany; Text-Book of Western Botany (with Asa Gray, _infra_). =Councilman, William Thomas.= _Md._, 1854- ----. A physician and instructor at the Harvard Medical School. Contribution to the Study of Inflammation; On Arterio Sclerosis; Syphilis of the Lungs; On the Ætiology of Malaria, and other works. =Courtenay= [kŭrt´ni], =Edward Henry.= _Md._, 1803-1853. A civil engineer who was professor of mathematics in the University of Virginia, 1842-53, and published a Treatise on Differential Calculus and the Calculus of Variations. =Covell, James.= _Ms._, 1796-1845. A Methodist clergyman of New York and Vermont who published a Dictionary of the Bible. _Meth._ =Cowan, Frank.= _Pa._, 1844- ----. A Pennsylvania lawyer and journalist, who has travelled extensively and who entered Corea before that country had made any treaties with foreign nations. Curious Facts in the History of Insects; Zomara, a Romance of Spain; Southwestern Pennsylvania in Song and Story; The City of the Royal Palm, and Other Poems; A Visit in Verse to Honolulu; Fact and Fancy in New Zealand. =Cowdin, Jasper Barnett.= 18-- - ----. Esther’s Wedding and Other Poems. =Cowell, Benjamin.= _Ms._, 1781-1860. A jurist of Providence who published an historical work, The Spirit of ’76.