A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.Galilei, Galileo
Science
A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.
Galilei, Galileo
Hydrostatics; Specific gravity
I adde, that if _Aristotle_ had an opinion that Figure had been in
some sort the Cause of moving or not moving, the inquisition which he
makes immediately in a doubtfull manner, whence it comes, that a Plate
of Lead flotes, would have been impertinent; for if but just before he
had said, that Figure was in a certain sort the Cause of moving or not
moving, he needed not to call in Question, by what Cause the Plate of
Lead swims, and then ascribing the Cause to its Figure; and framing a
discourse in this manner. Figure is a Cause _Secundum quid_ of not
sinking: but, now, if it be doubted, for what Cause a thin Plate of
Lead goes not to the bottom; it shall be answered, that that proceeds
from its Figure: a discourse which would be indecent in a Child, much
more in _Aristotle_; For where is the occasion of doubting? And who
sees not, that if _Aristotle_ had held, that Figure was in some sort a
Cause of Natation, he would without the least Hesitation have writ;
That Figure is in a certain sort the Cause of Natation, and therefore
the Plate of Lead in respect of its large and expatiated Figure swims;
but if we take the proposition of _Aristotle_ as I say, and as it is
written, and as indeed it is true, the ensuing words come in very
oppositely, as well in the introduction of swift and slow, as in the
question, which very pertinently offers it self, and would say thus
much.
Figures are not the Cause of moving or not moving simply upwards or
downwards, but of moving more quickly or slowly: But if it be so, the
Cause is doubtfull, whence it proceeds, that a Plate of Lead or of
Iron broad and thin doth swim, &c. And the occasion of the doubt is
obvious, because it seems at the first glance, that the Figure is the
Cause of this Natation, since the same Lead, or a less quantity, but
in another Figure, goes to the bottom, and we have already affirmed,
that the Figure hath no share in this effect.
Lastly, if the intent of _Aristotle_ in this place had been to say,
that Figures, although not absolutely, are at least in some measure
the Cause of moving or not moving: I would have it considered, that he
names no less the Motion upwards, than the other downwards: and
because in exemplifying it afterwards, he produceth no other
Experiments than of a Plate of Lead, and Board of Ebony, Matters that
of their own Nature go to the bottom, but by vertue (as our
Adversaries say) of their Figure, rest afloat; it is fit that they
should produce some other Experiment of those Matters, which by their
Nature swims, but retained by their Figure rest at the bottom. But
since this is impossible to be done, we conclude, that _Aristotle_ in
this place, hath not attributed any action to the Figure of simply
moving or not moving.
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