A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.Galilei, Galileo
Science
A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.
Galilei, Galileo
Hydrostatics; Specific gravity
Lastly, either _Aristotle_ believed, that a Needle demitted longwayes
upon the water, would swim, or he believed that it would not swim: If
he believed it would not swim, he might well speak as indeed he did;
but if he believed and knew that it would float, why, together with
the dubious Problem of the Natation of broad Figures, though of
ponderous Matter, hath he not also introduced the Question; whence it
proceeds, that even long and slender Figures, howbeit of Iron or Lead
do swim? And the rather, for that the occasion of doubting seems
greater in long and narrow Figures, than in broad and thin, as from
_Aristotles_ not having doubted of it, is manifested.
No lesser an inconvenience would they fasten upon _Aristotle_, who in
his defence should say, that he means a Needle pretty thick, and not a
small one; for take it for granted to be intended of a small one; and
it shall suffice to reply, that he believed that it would swim; and I
will again charge him with having avoided a more wonderfull and
intricate Probleme, and introduced the more facile and less
wonderfull.
We say freely therefore, that _Aristotle_ did hold, that only the
broad Figure did swim, but the long and slender, such as a Needle,
not. The which nevertheless is false, as it is also false in round
Bodies: because, as from what hath been predemonstrated, may be
gathered, little Balls of Lead and Iron, do in like manner swim.
[Sidenote: _Aristotle_ affirmeth some Bodies volatile for their
Minuity, Text. 42.]
He proposeth likewise another Conclusion, which likewise seems
different from the truth, and it is, That some things, by reason of
their littleness fly in the Air, as the small dust of the Earth, and
the thin leaves of beaten Gold: but in my Opinion, Experience shews
us, that that happens not only in the Air, but also in the water, in
which do descend, even those Particles or Atomes of Earth, that
disturbe it, whose minuity is such, that they are not deservable, save
only when they are many hundreds together. Therefore, the dust of the
Earth, and beaten Gold, do not any way sustain themselves in the Air,
but descend downwards, and only fly to and again in the same, when
strong Windes raise them, or other agitations of the Air commove them:
and this also happens in the commotion of the water, which raiseth its
Sand from the bottom, and makes it muddy. But _Aristotle_ cannot mean
this impediment of the commotion, of which he makes no mention, nor
names other than the lightness of such Minutiæ or Atomes, and the
Resistance of the Crassitudes of the Water and Air, by which we see,
that he speakes of a calme, and not disturbed and agitated Air: but in
that case, neither Gold nor Earth, be they never so small, are
sustained, but speedily descend.
[Sidenote: _Democritus_ placed the Cause of Natation in certain
fiery Atomes.]
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