A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.Galilei, Galileo
Science
A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.
Galilei, Galileo
Hydrostatics; Specific gravity
I believe not after all this, that any (thinking perhaps thereby to
defend _Aristotle_) will say, that it being true, that the much water
resists more than the little, the said Board being put lower
descendeth, because there remaineth a less Mass of water to be divided
by it: because if after the having seen the same Board swim in four
Inches of water, and also after that in the same to sink, he shall try
the same Experiment upon a profundity of ten or twenty fathom water,
he shall see the very self same effect. And here I will take occasion
to remember, for the removall of an Error that is too common; That
that Ship or other whatsoever Body, that on the depth of an hundred or
a thousand fathom, swims with submerging only six fathom of its own
height, [_or in the Sea dialect, that draws six fathom water_] shall
swim in the same manner in water, that hath but six fathom and half an
Inch of depth[94]. Nor do I on the other side, think that it can be said,
that the superiour parts of the water are the more dense, although a
most grave Authour hath esteemed the superiour water in the Sea to be
so, grounding his opinion upon its being more salt, than that at the
bottom: but I doubt the Experiment, whether hitherto in taking the
water from the bottom, the Observatour did not light upon some spring
of fresh water there spouting up: but we plainly see on the contrary,
the fresh Waters of Rivers to dilate themselves for some miles beyond
their place of meeting with the salt water of the Sea, without
descending in it, or mixing with it, unless by the intervention of
some commotion or turbulency of the Windes.
[94] A Ship that in 100 Fathome water draweth 6 Fathome, shall
float in 6 Fathome and 1/2 an Inch of depth.
But returning to _Aristotle_, I say, that the breadth of Figure hath
nothing to do in this business more or less, because the said Plate of
Lead, or other Matter, cut into long Slices, swim neither more nor
less[95]; and the same shall the Slices do, being cut anew into little
pieces, because its not the breadth but the thickness that operates in
this business. I say farther, that in case it were really true, that
the Renitence to Division were the proper Cause of swimming[96], the
Figures more narrow and short, would much better swim than the more
spacious and broad, so that augmenting the breadth of the Figure, the
facility of supernatation will be deminished, and decreasing, that
this will encrease.
[95] Thickness not breadth of Figure to be respected in Natation.
[96] Were Renitence the cause of Natation, breadth of Figure would
hinder the swiming of Bodies.
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