[43] See Heister's Surgery, t. i. part i. ch. 13. Edinburgh Medical Essays, vol. ii. art. 15. vol. v. art. 17. The Promptuar. Hamburg. and the Collections of Breslau, in several places. [44] Anatomy, observations in surgery, and the opening of dead bodies, concur to establish Mr. Bilguer's opinion. The anatomical proofs are drawn from the inspection of the arteries. I am persuaded, that unless the crural artery is wounded almost at its egress from the arch formed by the tendons of the abdominal muscles, where it loses the name of iliac, its being destroyed will very seldom occasion the loss of the limb; besides three small branches which it sends off almost at its egress, and on which, I own, should have no great reliance, for the nourishment of so large a limb, both on account of their smallness and their distribution, at about two or three inches distance from the artery, it sends off other branches much more considerable, among others, two called the muscular arteries, especially the external one, descends pretty large down the thigh, and very evidently contributes to the nourishment of the muscular parts; although their trunks have not been traced so far as the leg, I make no doubt but it may be discovered that their branches reach that part, and which, though scarcely visible in their natural state, would not fail to become larger, when the blood was thrown into them in greater abundance; besides, the anastomosis of any considerable branch with the trunk of the crural artery, conveys so much blood to it, that it may again become useful: Experience demonstrates that this happens in the arm, and it is highly probable that the same thing may take place in the thigh; the number of branches which spring from the brachial artery, almost from its beginning, and their distribution being very analogous to what we see in the crural artery. The surgical observations which demonstrate the recovery of heat in the parts after the operation for the aneurism, although the brachial artery has been tied very high, are common, and may be found among other observators besides those quoted by Mr. Bilguer, and there are doubtless few physicians or surgeons who have not had opportunities of seeing such cases themselves. It is a sight extremely interesting, to observe the gradual return of heat, strength and colour, to an arm on which the operation for the aneurism has been performed. I do not know that this operation was ever performed in the thigh, the artery being so guarded in this part, that an aneurism rarely forms here. I have seen the operation succeed very well in the inferior part of the leg, on the tibialis anterior, and the foot suffered but very little for a few days; it is true it is supplied with several other branches.