A first book in organic evolution

Name: A first book in organic evolution
Author: Shute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)

Shute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)

Evolution

Class 1.—_Platyhelminthes_: Flat-worms.
  Class 2.—_Nemathelminthes_: Round-worms.
  Class 3.—_Rotatoria_: Rotifer.
  Class 4.—_Bryozoa._
  Class 5.—_Brachiopoda_: Lampshells.
  Class 6.—_Nemertina._
  Class 7.—_Enteropneusta_: Balanoglossus.
  Class 8.—_Gephyrea_: Star-worms.
  Class 9.—_Annulata_: Earth-worms, Leeches, Sea-worms.

Branch VI.—=Arthropoda.= Animals with bilateral symmetry. Bodies
segmented, but not uniformly so. Several or all of the segments bear
paired jointed appendages variously modified. Chitinous exoskeleton.
Digestive canal beneath the heart. Supra-œsophagel ganglion (“brain”)
connected by a nerve ring round the gullet with a double chain of ventral
ganglia. Cœlome small in the adult. Sexes almost always separate. Often
some metamorphosis.

  Class 1.—_Crustacea_: Trilobites, Shrimps, Crabs.
  Class 2.—_Arachnida_: Spider, Scorpion.
  Class 3.—_Onychophora_: Peripatus.
  Class 4.—_Myriapoda_: Centipede.
  Class 5.—_Insecta_: Cockroach, Ants, Butterfly.

Branch VII.—=Mollusca.= Unsegmented animals, possessing, fundamentally,
a bilateral symmetry. A very characteristic structure is the “foot”—a
muscular protrusion of the ventral surface. Typically, a projecting fold
from the dorsal surface of the body forms a mantle, or pallium; the
mantle often secretes a single or double shell covering the viscera.
The mantle and shell may both be absent. The central nervous system
consists of paired ganglia with connecting commissures, viz.: cerebral,
pleural, pedal, and visceral ganglia. Heart possesses two auricles and
one ventricle. Respiration generally by gills. Frequently there are two
larval stages. Development is often direct.

  Class 1.—_Lamellibranchiata_: Clam, Oyster.
  Class 2.—_Scaphopoda._
  Class 3.—_Gasteropoda_: Snail, Whelks, Slugs.
  Class 4.—_Amphineura_: Chitons.
  Class 5.—_Cephalopoda_: Squids and Cuttlefish.

Branch VIII.—=Vertebrata or Chordata.= Vertebrates are animals having a
distinct body cavity (cœlome) and a segmental arrangement of parts. A
hypoblastic skeletal notochord is always present in the embryo, but tends
to be replaced by an axial skeleton of mesoblastic origin (backbone).
Gill slits are always present in the embryo and may or may not persist in
adult life. Gill-lamellæ do not occur above Amphibians. Heart is ventral.
Central nervous system is dorsal. Eye begins to develop as an outgrowth
from the brain.

  Class 1.—_Tunicata._
  Class 2.—_Leptocardii._
  Class 3.—_Marsipobranchii._
  Class 4.—_Pisces._
  Class 5.—_Amphibia._
  Class 6.—_Reptilia._
  Class 7.—_Aves._
  Class 8.—_Mammalia._

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Opening the text

A first book in organic evolutionShute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)

Science

A first book in organic evolution

Shute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)

Evolution

Class 1.—_Platyhelminthes_: Flat-worms.
  Class 2.—_Nemathelminthes_: Round-worms.
  Class 3.—_Rotatoria_: Rotifer.
  Class 4.—_Bryozoa._
  Class 5.—_Brachiopoda_: Lampshells.
  Class 6.—_Nemertina._
  Class 7.—_Enteropneusta_: Balanoglossus.
  Class 8.—_Gephyrea_: Star-worms.
  Class 9.—_Annulata_: Earth-worms, Leeches, Sea-worms.

Branch VI.—=Arthropoda.= Animals with bilateral symmetry. Bodies
segmented, but not uniformly so. Several or all of the segments bear
paired jointed appendages variously modified. Chitinous exoskeleton.
Digestive canal beneath the heart. Supra-œsophagel ganglion (“brain”)
connected by a nerve ring round the gullet with a double chain of ventral
ganglia. Cœlome small in the adult. Sexes almost always separate. Often
some metamorphosis.

  Class 1.—_Crustacea_: Trilobites, Shrimps, Crabs.
  Class 2.—_Arachnida_: Spider, Scorpion.
  Class 3.—_Onychophora_: Peripatus.
  Class 4.—_Myriapoda_: Centipede.
  Class 5.—_Insecta_: Cockroach, Ants, Butterfly.

Branch VII.—=Mollusca.= Unsegmented animals, possessing, fundamentally,
a bilateral symmetry. A very characteristic structure is the “foot”—a
muscular protrusion of the ventral surface. Typically, a projecting fold
from the dorsal surface of the body forms a mantle, or pallium; the
mantle often secretes a single or double shell covering the viscera.
The mantle and shell may both be absent. The central nervous system
consists of paired ganglia with connecting commissures, viz.: cerebral,
pleural, pedal, and visceral ganglia. Heart possesses two auricles and
one ventricle. Respiration generally by gills. Frequently there are two
larval stages. Development is often direct.

  Class 1.—_Lamellibranchiata_: Clam, Oyster.
  Class 2.—_Scaphopoda._
  Class 3.—_Gasteropoda_: Snail, Whelks, Slugs.
  Class 4.—_Amphineura_: Chitons.
  Class 5.—_Cephalopoda_: Squids and Cuttlefish.

Branch VIII.—=Vertebrata or Chordata.= Vertebrates are animals having a
distinct body cavity (cœlome) and a segmental arrangement of parts. A
hypoblastic skeletal notochord is always present in the embryo, but tends
to be replaced by an axial skeleton of mesoblastic origin (backbone).
Gill slits are always present in the embryo and may or may not persist in
adult life. Gill-lamellæ do not occur above Amphibians. Heart is ventral.
Central nervous system is dorsal. Eye begins to develop as an outgrowth
from the brain.

  Class 1.—_Tunicata._
  Class 2.—_Leptocardii._
  Class 3.—_Marsipobranchii._
  Class 4.—_Pisces._
  Class 5.—_Amphibia._
  Class 6.—_Reptilia._
  Class 7.—_Aves._
  Class 8.—_Mammalia._

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

A first book in organic evolution

A first book in organic evolution

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