A first book in organic evolution

Name: A first book in organic evolution
Author: Shute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)

Shute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)

Evolution

Class 7.—_Aves._ Feathered vertebrata; heart four-chambered;
warm-blooded; lungs with accessory air-sacs; bones dense and hollow;
jaws encased in horny beaks in modern forms; the fore-limbs form wings;
oviparous; eggs are very large and covered by calcareous shell.

  Sub-class 1.—_Saururæ_: Archæopteryx.
  Sub-class 2.—_Odontornithes_: Ichthyornis, Hesperornis.
  Sub-class 3.—_Ratitæ_: Smooth sternum.
  Sub-class 4.—_Carinatæ_: Keeled sternum.

Class 8.—_Mammalia._ Animals having the body covered with hair;
warm-blooded; young nourished with milk secreted from mammary glands;
lower jaw articulating directly with the skull, the quadrate becoming the
malleus (ear-bone); heart four-chambered and with the aorta reflected
over the left bronchus; red blood-corpuscles non-nucleated; complete
diaphragm; brain large, especially the cerebrum and cerebellum; uterine
gestation; viviparous.

  Sub-class 1.—_Ornithodelphia_: Order Monotremes. Urinary and genital
                 canals opening into cloaca. Laying large eggs.
  Sub-class 2.—_Didelphia_: Order Marsupials. Animals having pouch for
                 protection and growth of prematurely born embryos.
  Sub-class 3.—_Monodelphia_: Placental Mammals.
      Order 1.—_Edentata._
      Order 2.—_Rodentia._
      Order 3.—_Insectivora._
      Order 4.—_Cheiroptera._
      Order 5.—_Cetacea._
      Order 6.—_Sirenia._
      Order 7.—_Proboscidea._
      Order 8.—_Hyracoidea._
      Order 9.—_Ungulata._
      Order 10.—_Carnivora._
      Order 11.—_Primates._

_Primates_ are an order of Monodelphia or Placentalia, including lemurs,
monkeys, and man. They are nearly all adapted to an arboreal life. The
hand (manus) and the foot (pes) nearly always have five digits provided
with flat nails. The pectoral and pelvic limbs are prehensile, owing to
the fact that the thumb (pollex) and big toe (hallux) are more or less
completely opposable to the other digits. The orbital fossa is completely
surrounded by a bony rim. The femur does not have a third trochanter. The
internal condyle of the humerus does not have a foramen above it. The
clavicles are always well developed. The testes descend into a scrotum.
On the thoracic region there are nearly always two teats. The placenta
may be non-deciduate, or deciduate and metadiscoidal.

The order of Primates is subdivided into the following sub-orders, viz.:

  Sub-order 1.—_Lemuroidea._
  Sub-order 2.—_Anthropoidea._

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Opening the text

A first book in organic evolutionShute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)

Science

A first book in organic evolution

Shute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)

Evolution

Class 7.—_Aves._ Feathered vertebrata; heart four-chambered;
warm-blooded; lungs with accessory air-sacs; bones dense and hollow;
jaws encased in horny beaks in modern forms; the fore-limbs form wings;
oviparous; eggs are very large and covered by calcareous shell.

  Sub-class 1.—_Saururæ_: Archæopteryx.
  Sub-class 2.—_Odontornithes_: Ichthyornis, Hesperornis.
  Sub-class 3.—_Ratitæ_: Smooth sternum.
  Sub-class 4.—_Carinatæ_: Keeled sternum.

Class 8.—_Mammalia._ Animals having the body covered with hair;
warm-blooded; young nourished with milk secreted from mammary glands;
lower jaw articulating directly with the skull, the quadrate becoming the
malleus (ear-bone); heart four-chambered and with the aorta reflected
over the left bronchus; red blood-corpuscles non-nucleated; complete
diaphragm; brain large, especially the cerebrum and cerebellum; uterine
gestation; viviparous.

  Sub-class 1.—_Ornithodelphia_: Order Monotremes. Urinary and genital
                 canals opening into cloaca. Laying large eggs.
  Sub-class 2.—_Didelphia_: Order Marsupials. Animals having pouch for
                 protection and growth of prematurely born embryos.
  Sub-class 3.—_Monodelphia_: Placental Mammals.
      Order 1.—_Edentata._
      Order 2.—_Rodentia._
      Order 3.—_Insectivora._
      Order 4.—_Cheiroptera._
      Order 5.—_Cetacea._
      Order 6.—_Sirenia._
      Order 7.—_Proboscidea._
      Order 8.—_Hyracoidea._
      Order 9.—_Ungulata._
      Order 10.—_Carnivora._
      Order 11.—_Primates._

_Primates_ are an order of Monodelphia or Placentalia, including lemurs,
monkeys, and man. They are nearly all adapted to an arboreal life. The
hand (manus) and the foot (pes) nearly always have five digits provided
with flat nails. The pectoral and pelvic limbs are prehensile, owing to
the fact that the thumb (pollex) and big toe (hallux) are more or less
completely opposable to the other digits. The orbital fossa is completely
surrounded by a bony rim. The femur does not have a third trochanter. The
internal condyle of the humerus does not have a foramen above it. The
clavicles are always well developed. The testes descend into a scrotum.
On the thoracic region there are nearly always two teats. The placenta
may be non-deciduate, or deciduate and metadiscoidal.

The order of Primates is subdivided into the following sub-orders, viz.:

  Sub-order 1.—_Lemuroidea._
  Sub-order 2.—_Anthropoidea._

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

A first book in organic evolution

A first book in organic evolution

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