“Fechner seems to have hit the mark, when he compared feeling and motion to the inside and the outside curves of a circle; they are entirely different and yet the same. The inside curve is concave, the outside curve is convex. If we construct rules relating first to the concave inside and then to the convex outside, we shall notice a parallelism in the formulas; yet this parallelism will appear only in the abstractions which have been made of one and the same thing from a different aspect. It results from making two different abstractions. The abstract conceptions form two parallel systems, but the real thing can be represented as parallel only in the sense that it is parallel to itself; it is the parallelism of identity. There is but one line and this one line is concave if viewed from the inside, if viewed from the outside convex.” Dr. Carus in “The Soul of Man,” p. 20. [18] Central Soul (Dr. Carus). [19] Clifford. [20] It is more scientific to say a _Cosmic Soul immanent_ in the Cosmos. “God, as I conceive him to be, is not less than a person, but more than a person.” Dr. Paul Carus. [21] Fiske. [22] Fiske. [23] “Religion is the conception by man of his relation to the infinite universe and its source; and morality is the ever present guide of life proceeding only from this relation.” Tolstoi. [24] Fiske. [25] Society also utterly ignores the rights of unborn children in permitting the constant marriages of men and women having constitutions tainted with hereditary diseases, as insanity, syphilis, tuberculosis, etc. [26] In Dipnoi, which are fishes with Amphibian characters, the paired fins have each a central segmented axis which bears on each side a series of radial pieces. The air bladder is a true lung, and is frequently used as such. The heart shows indications of becoming three chambered (two auricles and one ventricle). The left auricle contains arterial blood from the lungs. There is an inferior vena cava. The nasal sacs open posteriorly into the mouth. INDEX. Achromatin, 6. Acquired Characters, 65, 71, 72, 76. Actinozoa, 232. Age, of Amphibians, 105. Age, of Fishes, 101. Age, of Mammals, 111. Age, of Man, 114. Age, of Molluscs, 98, 100. Age, of Reptiles, 110. Air-bladder, 236. Allantois, 238. Altruism, 223, 225. Amblypoda, 111. Amblystoma, 62, 63. America, Central, 141. America, South, 83, 145, 146. America, North, development of, 85. America, Archæan, 85. America, Cretaceous, 87. America, Tertiary, 88, 89. America, tropical, 146, 147, 149. Amia, 236, 237. Amitosis, 28. Ammonites, 100, 108. Amnion, 238. Amœba proteus, 10, 35, 230. Amphibia, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105, 235, 238. Amphibia, of snake-like form, 103. Amphibia, generalized, 107. Amphimixis, 46. Amphineura, 234. Amphioxus, 235. Anaptomorphus, 111. Ancon sheep, 49. Angiospermæ, 245. Animals, backboned, 96, 101, 103, 152. Animals, birth rate of, 123.