1. The meaning of the terms _gee_, _haw_, _nigh_, _off_, _run_, _gallop_, _trot_, _pace_, _single foot_, _rack_. 2. The location, cause, and effect of these troubles: heaves, blind staggers, knee sprung, shoe boil, quitter, ring bone, spavin, capped hock, flat foot, hoof bound, glanders, mange, sweeny, hide bound, and thrush. 3. The record time for a trotted and a paced mile. 4. The meaning of "one horse power." How much a horse can pull on good roads. 5. Record prices for valuable horses. 6. Current prices for horses; for ponies; for mules. 7. The origin and the use of the mule. 8. Balanced rations. 9. The number and care of the young, and their relative development at birth. 10. Other animals used as beasts of burden in peculiar conditions or localities. Homology of the Vertebrate Skeleton _Materials._ Prepared skeletons of an amphibian, a reptile, a bird, another mammal, and man. If any of these be lacking, lantern-slide illustrations may be used in a partially darkened room. _Observations._ Having studied the frog's skeleton in detail, the student can readily compare each of these types with it. Compare in a very general way the skulls, the girdles, and the limbs; their form and use. Note variations in the form and number of the vertebræ and the number of the ribs. _Questions._ 1. In which types of vertebrates are the joints between the skull bones bound with cartilage? How does the joining change in later types? 2. What dissimilarities occur in the series as regards closure or boxing in of the eye orbits, nostrils, and skull bones? How would these changes in joining and closure affect strength, rigidity, and protection? 3. What evidence is there that such improvement has affected brain capacity and intelligence? 4. State how the attachment of the skull to the vertebral column changes as the animal man assumes an erect position. 5. Are the vertebræ of these types alike in structure? What is the general form of an horizontally placed vertebra, as in the horse or a reptile, and of a vertically placed one, as in man? If you see any differences, account for them. 6. Wherever possible, find the vertebræ of the neck (cervical), and note the number of them in each case. 7. How is flexibility of the column accomplished in certain types or in certain places of one type? How is rigidity gained? State instances in each answer. 8. Examining the interior of the turtle's "shell," find out and explain how the vertebræ have been modified to form the upper "shell." How has the under portion (_plastron_) been formed? 9. In round numbers, which skeleton has the greatest number of vertebræ and which the least? 10. Which skeleton has the greatest number of ribs, and which has the least?