Another Hyksos king, =Āa-qenen-Rā Ȧpepȧ II=, is made known to us by Sallier Papyrus II (No. 10,185), which shows that he was a contemporary of one of the Theban kings called =Seqenen-Rā=. According to this document there was enmity between Ȧpepȧ II and Seqenen-Rā, his vassal, but as the papyrus is mutilated the result of their enmity is unknown. During one portion of the Hyksos Period a group of petty kings, or chiefs, each of whom was called =Ȧntef-āa=, ruled either at Thebes or Coptos, and a few of their monuments have come down to us. In the British Museum are: =1.= Stone memorial =pyramid of Ȧntef-āa Ȧp-Maāt= (Vestibule, South wall, No. =341=); =2.= Slab sculptured with a figure of =Ȧntef Nub-kheper-Rā= (Bay 4, No. =342=); =3.= Gilded =coffin of Ȧntef-āa= (Wall-case 2, First Egyptian Room). It has been said above that there was enmity between Ȧpepȧ II and Seqenen-Rā, but the monuments prove that there were three kings who bore the =Seqenen-Rā= prenomen, and it seems that all three waged war against the Hyksos in the north; their full names were =Seqenen-Rā= (=I=), =Tau-āa=, =Seqenen-Rā= (=II=), =Tau-āa-āa=, =Seqenen-Rā= (=III=), =Tau-āa-qen=. The greatest warrior of the three was undoubtedly the last named, and it was he who determined to throw off the yoke of the foreigner. He was supported by all classes of Egyptians, for the Hyksos were hated, and especially by the priests of Ȧmen-Rā at Thebes, who regarded the demand of the Hyksos king that Seqenen-Rā III should worship the god Sutekh as a grave insult to their god Ȧmen-Rā. Seqenen-Rā III refused to worship Sutekh, and proclaimed his independence. Of the battles which were fought during the war that followed nothing is known, but it is clear that in one of them the brave leader in the struggle for national independence was slain. When his mummy was unrolled at Cairo, in 1886, it was seen that the lower jaw-bone was broken and the skull split; there were also large wounds in the side of the head and over the eye, and one ear had been hacked away. Tau-āa-qen was succeeded by his son (?) =Ka-mes=, whose reign was, however, short. To him belonged the fine =bronze axe-head= inscribed with his names and titles exhibited in Table-case B in the Third Egyptian Room (No. 5), and the =spear head=, similarly inscribed, of which see a cast in the same case (No. 191). Ka-mes had several children by his wife Ȧāḥ-ḥetep, and some of their sons may have ruled for a short time; but the country was very unsettled, and the first to succeed in restoring law and order was =Ȧāḥmes=, or =Amāsis I=, the founder of the XVIIIth dynasty. CHAPTER XII. THE NEW EMPIRE. The Eighteenth Dynasty. From Thebes. _About_ B.C. 1600.