Mer-en-Ptaḥ, or =Menephthah=, was associated with his father in the rule of the kingdom for about twelve years before he became sole king. In the fifth year of his reign Egypt was attacked by a confederation of tribes from Libya, and by certain peoples from the northern shores and islands of the Mediterranean. Menephthah fortified his towns and collected an army, and in the fierce battle which followed he was victorious. The Libyan king barely escaped with his life; but six of his brothers and sons and over 6,000 of his soldiers were slain, and 9,000 were taken prisoners. It is probable that the =Exodus= took place during the early years of this reign. In the year of his victory he caused a Hymn of Triumph to be cut upon the back of a stele of Ȧmen-ḥetep III at Thebes, and among the peoples of Palestine whom he conquered are mentioned the =Israelites=, 𓇌𓊃𓐰𓏭𓐰𓂋𓇋𓄿𓂋𓐰𓏤𓌙𓀀𓁐𓏪. His mummy was found in the tomb of Ȧmen-ḥetep II at Thebes, and is now in Cairo. Like his father he caused his names to be cut on monuments which he had not made, _e.g._, the lion of Ȧmenemḥāt III (No. 173), the pillar of Ȧmen-ḥetep III (No. 419), and a statue (No. 577) and pillar of his father (No. 599). Among the monuments of his reign may be mentioned the =door-jamb= from his temple at Memphis (No. =1169=). The remaining kings of the XIXth dynasty were:— =1.= =Seti II Mer-en-Ptaḥ.= See his =statue= holding a shrine with a head of Ȧmen (Bay 21, No. =616=), a slab from his tomb at Thebes (Central Saloon, No. =617=), and a =plaque= and a =scarab= in the Third and Fourth Egyptian Rooms (Wall-case 124 and Table-case D). The D’Orbiney Papyrus in the British Museum containing the =Tale of the Two Brothers= was written during the reign of this king. =2.= =Ȧmen-mes=, of whose reign nothing is known. =3.= =Sa-Ptaḥ=, of whom many reliefs are found at various places in Egypt. On his death a period of anarchy followed, and nothing like order prevailed in the country until =Set-nekht=, a relative of Rameses II, obtained supreme power.