A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British MuseumBritish Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
History
A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British Museum
British Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
Egypt -- Antiquities
The stores of clothing, etc., were kept in a very small room provided
with a stout wooden door with a =bolt-lock= and =key= of simple pattern.
(For examples of bolts and keys, see Wall-cases Nos. 180, 181, in the
Fourth Egyptian Room.) The mistress of the house usually possessed a
small strong =box= in which she kept jewellery, ornaments, and amulets,
and perhaps also her toilet requisites; in some cases the latter were
kept in a special =toilet box=, which held =eye-paint= (stibium, or
antimony, koḥl), =comb=, =hair-tweezers=, =pumice-stone=, =unguents= and
=pomades=, both scented and plain. (See Standard-case L in the Fourth
Egyptian Room.) =Kitchen utensils= were comparatively few in number.
Fresh and sour milk (or curds), soft cheese, sheep-fat, etc., were kept
in earthenware pots, some of which were undoubtedly glazed; bowls made
of earthenware or gourds were common, as were large open saucers. The
=cooking pots= were usually of earthenware, or, among well-to-do people,
of metal. =Knives= made of flint, stone, or metal, were common, and rough
flesh =forks=; in the later period =spoons= were used. =Plates=, in the
modern sense of the word, were unknown; the thick bread-cake served as
a plate for those who squatted round the bowl of cooked vegetables with
pieces of meat on the top, and the thin flat cake was frequently used
as a napkin. A stone =corn-grinder= and a =kneading-stone= were found
in every house. The stock of grain for the family was kept in large
earthenware jars, or in a kind of bin made of mud. Every house contained
a =figure of the god= under whose protection the family lived, and to
this adoration was offered at regular intervals; it took part in the
family-councils, its lot was bound up with that of the family, and it
prevented wandering spirits of evil disposition from entering the house.
There being no =chimney= to the house, the =fire= was lit wherever it was
most convenient, and the smoke went out through the roof and the aperture
in the wall which served as a window. The =fuel= was animal dung, and
such refuse from the straw as could not be eaten by the cow or goat of
the house, and, occasionally, pieces of wood. As =matches= were unknown,
care was taken to keep a small amount of fuel smouldering under the
ashes, so that whenever it was necessary to boil lentils, etc., the fire
could be revived; if the fire was out, recourse was had to the striking
of =flints=, or to some neighbour, or to the temple fire. In primitive
times the Egyptians seem to have used a =fire-stick=, like some of the
tribes of Central Africa.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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