Another form of seal was that consisting of two lead discs connected by a loop (No. =454=). The discs were pressed together and stamped on the outer surfaces with a design (as in fig. 191_c_). In this way the loop was securely attached to the object to be protected. Probably these seals were attached to merchandise by manufacturers or customs officials, just in the same way as lead seals are used in our own time. Their use appears to have been confined almost, if not entirely, to Sicily. A variety of labels in lead, bronze, and ivory is shown in this Case. They generally have a hole for attachment, and bear the name and initials of their owner. The bronze label (No. =455=), to which a portion of the iron object to which it was attached still adheres, has the name of the owner, C. Junius Hermetus, inscribed upon it. A second label has the name of another member of the family, Decius Junius Hermetus (No. =456=). [Illustration: FIG. 193.--ROMAN CUTLER'S SHOP (NO. 458). Ht. 19-1/2 in.] Seals were applied by the use of signet rings of gold, silver, or bronze with the impression of the seal cut in the metal or on a gem set in the bezel (see p. 136). The engraved ring was usually employed for purely personal purposes, such as the sealing of a letter or document, and the device of the seal was more or less ornamental. For the somewhat allied group of bronze tablets, used for marking objects, rather than securing them, see p. 192. (441) On ancient locks, see Diels, _Parmenides_, p. 117 ff.; Fink, _Der Verschluss bei den Griechen u. Römern_; Daremberg and Saglio, s.v. _Sera_; (453) Cf. _Num. Chron._, 1897, p. 293 ff.; (454) Cf. _Annali dell' Inst._, 1864, p. 343 ff., and _Mon. dell' Inst._, VIII., pl. xi. [Footnote 44: 616 C, D.] [Footnote 45: _Mon. d. Inst._, ix. pl. 42.] [Footnote 46: [Greek: Diogenês êpêtês men ôn hote ezê ...]] [Footnote 47: xxi. 46 ff.; [Greek: autik' ar' hê g' himanta thoôs apelyse korônês, en de klêid' hêke, thyreôn d' anekopten ochêas, anta tityskomenê.] ] [Footnote 48: After Jacobi, _Das Römerkastell Saalburg_, p. 469, fig. 74, 1, 2 (modified).] [Footnote 49: See _Ann. of Brit. School at Athens_, IX., p. 190 ff.] [Footnote 50: Ar., _Thesm._ 421 ff.] [Footnote 51: Cf. Plin., _H.N._ xxxiii. 26: nunc cibi quoque ac potus anulo vindicantur a rapina.] XIII-XVIII.--TRADE AND THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS. (Wall-Cases 41-53, Table Case H.) XIII.--TRADE. The part of the collection now to be described deals generally with commerce and the industrial arts. We have already seen the bird-catcher (p. 115), the baker (p. 117), and the shoemaker at work (p. 130).