Fig. 197 shows a highly ornate example of a steelyard (No. =476=), lately acquired from the neighbourhood of Smyrna. The weight is in the form of a bust of Silenus. The larger hooks are designed as heads of serpents, and the smaller hooks as heads of eagles. [Illustration: FIG. 198.--ROMAN BRONZE BALANCES (NOS. 477, 480). Ca. 1:4.] The steelyard principle was also applied by the Romans to balances, with a view to avoiding the use of numerous small weights. An example is No. =477= (fig. 198), where one half of the bronze arm is graduated with twelve divisions corresponding to scruples (1/24 of an ounce). The sliding weight would thus be used to determine weights of less than half an ounce. The bar of another balance (No. =478=) had 24 such divisions for determining any weight below the ounce. A saucepan from Pompeii (No. =479=) in the Naples Museum has the same principle applied to its handle, for weighing the liquid contents. An interesting little balance (No. =480=; fig. 198) may be mentioned here. At one end is a fixed weight in the form of a head (of the Sun-god?). This balance was adapted to test the weight of an object weighing about 69 grains, perhaps a Roman coin such as the _denarius_ or _solidus_. In the lower part of Cases 43, 44 it will be noted that the arm of a steelyard and one of the arms of a balance are shown, with a bronze fitting (No. =481=; fig. 199) designed to check the amplitude of the oscillations. A corresponding piece may be seen on a railway platform weighing machine. This piece was long misinterpreted as a standard, etc., but its real intention is made certain by reliefs at Treves (fig. 200) and Capua. [Illustration: FIG. 199.--CHECK FOR STEELYARD (NO. 481).] [Illustration: FIG. 200.--A STEELYARD IN USE.] (457, 458) Amelung, _Sculpt. d. Vat._, pl. 30, p. 275 ff.; (459) _Arch. Anzeiger_, IV., p. 102; (460) _Excavations in Cyprus_, pl. xi., 368, etc. On Greek and Roman weights see Daremberg and Saglio, s.v. _Pondus_; _Cambridge Companion to Greek_ and _to Latin Studies_; (466) Cf. _Olympia, V. (Inschriften)_, p. 801 ff.; (467) Newton, _Disc. at Halicarnassus_, II., pp. 387 and 804; (469) _Mon. dell' Inst._, 1855, pl. 1; (472) _C.I.L._, XIII., 10030 (10); (474) _Cat. of Lamps_, 595; (481) _Cat. of Bronzes_, 2909. For Treves relief (fig. 200) cf. Hettner, _Illustr. Führer_, p. 6; for Capua relief, cf. _Jahreshefte d. Oesterr. Arch. Inst., XVI., Beibl._, p. 10; for the standing balance, see also Stuart and Revett, IV., p. 15. [Footnote 52: See _Ann. of Brit. School at Athens_, VII., p. 42, fig. 7.] XV.--TOOLS, BUILDING, AND SCULPTURE. (Wall-Cases 45-48.)