There are here several jets and spouts for the emission of water, one (No. =339=) in the form of a pine-cone, pierced with small holes for sending out a spray, others in the form of dolphins (No. =340=) and the fore-part of a horse (No. =341=). The bronze stop-cocks seen in Case 39 were used for controlling the flow of water from the cisterns to the various parts of the house. They were inserted in the lead water-pipes, portions of which still adhere to them. Their arrangement is excellently illustrated by those discovered at the Roman villa at Boscoreale, near Pompeii (see _Mon. Ant._ vii., p. 454, fig. 45_a_). See also a gargoyle in the form of a lion for rain water (No. =342=), and a bronze grating from the Mausoleum of Halikarnassos (No. =343=) for draining it away. Various lead supply pipes and clay drain pipes are shown in case 39. =Heating.=--In early times houses were heated by means of a large open hearth placed in the middle of the principal room, whence the smoke escaped as it might, through the door, or between the roof beams. Next followed the use of portable braziers in bronze, such as have been found in Etruscan tombs from the seventh century B.C. (cf. Italic Room, Cases B, C). The small braziers used for cooking, etc., in the Hellenistic period have been mentioned above, p. 118. A system of heating by hot air was introduced by the Romans, but was used chiefly for the warming of baths. For the general heating of houses such an arrangement was, until about the third century A.D. exceptional, and Seneca, writing in the first century A.D. regards it as an enervating luxury. Several examples of Roman terracotta flue-tiles (No. =344=) for the transmission of hot air are seen in the bottom of Cases 39, 40. =Shapes of Vases.=--Case 40 contains a small type-series of the leading shapes of Greek vases, intended to teach the names current in archaeology (No. =345=). (300) Cf. _Ant. du Bosph. Cimm._, pl. 81, where a restoration of a table with a leg of this kind is shown; (301) The couch in fig. 113 is after the restoration of a couch from Boscoreale, given in _Arch. Anzeiger_, 1900, p. 178; (304) Cf. Furtwaengler, _Olympia, IV._, (_Die Bronzen_), pls. 28, 34; (305) _Cat. of Lamps_, 137; (308) _ibid._, 1; (309) _ibid._, 66; (310) _ibid._, 97; (312) _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, XXVIII., pl. 33; (313) _Cat. of Lamps_, 390; (314) _ibid._, 1437; (318) _Cat. of Lamps_, 1435; (320) _ibid._, 1511; (323) _Excavations in Cyprus_, fig. 148, No. 4; (324, 325) _Cat. of Vases_, IV., F 259 and F 267; (338-339) _Cat. of Bronzes_, 2573-4; (343) Newton, _Hist. Disc._, II., p. 143. On the Greek house generally, see Daremberg and Saglio s.v. _Domus_ and B. C. Rider, _The Greek House_. On the Roman house, see Daremberg and Saglio, _loc. cit._, and Mau-Kelsey, _Pompeii_. [Footnote 41: Martial, xiv. 44: