Ling’s first wife died in 1817, and he had previously lost two sons, leaving him only the daughter Jetta. About two years later he married Charlotta Catharina Nettelbladt (1798-1889). Of their seven children only five survived him, and three of these became teachers of gymnastics—Hjalmar (1820-1886) and Hildur (1825-1884) at the Institute, and Wendla (1834-1911) both there and at two normal schools for women. After some years of impaired health, his own death occurred in 1839, on the 3d of May. He was buried at Annelund, a few miles north of the city, where he owned some property, and the grave, on a high bank overlooking Brunnsviken, a bay of Lake Mälaren, is now marked by a memorial stone erected by friends in 1848. Branting and Georgii were the men he considered best fitted to carry on his work. The task of arranging his literary remains he laid upon the latter of the two in company with Dr. P. J. Liedbeck (1802-1876), who had been one of his pupils and afterwards taught anatomy at the Institute and had married his daughter Jetta in 1833. The year after his death they accordingly published, in the incomplete and often fragmentary form in which he had left it, his “General Principles of Gymnastics,”[119] a treatise begun as far back as 1831. After an opening section devoted to the laws of the human organism, the book takes up, in order, the principles of educational, military, medical, and aesthetic gymnastics, and closes with a few pages of miscellaneous suggestions and comment. It is a small volume of less than 250 pages, and like the rest of Ling’s writings possesses little of present interest to any but the student of history. As one of his successors at the Institute has said, his greatest service to gymnastics was the attempt to give it a scientific basis, and it must therefore change and develop with every advance in the sciences upon which it rests. BIBLIOGRAPHY. All the earlier sketches of Ling’s life must now be viewed in the light of recent critical studies by Carl August Westerblad, of Upsala, and particularly his “Pehr Henrik Ling: en lefnadsteckning och några synpunkter” (Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Söner, 1904). His later discussion of “The Ling Gymnastics in the Days of Its Founder” (1913) has just been mentioned in a footnote. To other articles referred to in footnotes should be added one by Jetta Ling Liedbeck in _Tidskrift i Gymnastik_ =3=, 870-891 (1893), originally published in _Aftonbladet_ (Stockholm) in 1852. Massmann’s translation of Ling’s writings, and Rothstein’s version of the Ling gymnastics, were spoken of on p. 123. FOOTNOTES: [111] E. Wrangel in _Lunds Universitets Årsskrift_, =9= (1913), Nr. 6; and Richard J. Cyriax in _Svenska Gymnastiken i In- och Utlandet_, =9=, 92-94 (1913). [112] Westerblad 1904, p. 6. [113] Ibid., p. 7.