A guide to the history of physical educationLeonard, Fred Eugene
History
A guide to the history of physical education
Leonard, Fred Eugene
Physical education and training; Physical education and training -- History
The royal statutes require that in every public secondary school in
Sweden there shall be at least three hours a week of pedagogical
gymnastics, arranged in daily half-hour periods when possible. In
Stockholm the division into half-hour lessons is the most common one.
Less frequently there are three periods of an hour each, and in a few
cases a class meets twice for a half-hour and twice for an hour, or
fifty minutes four times a week, or forty minutes six times, or in four
one-hour periods. In a majority of cases the time chosen for exercise
lies between ten and one o’clock, though the hours from two to four in
the afternoon are used not infrequently. Military exercises take the
place of gymnastics for boys of the sixth to ninth years in the early
part of every fall semester, occupying three hours daily for twenty days
as a rule, and during this period their usual school duties are cut down
by a corresponding amount. Each of the seven schools has its special
teacher of gymnastics, and no one is eligible to such a position until he
has completed a two-years’ professional course at the Central Institute
of Gymnastics. In the fall of 1900 these teachers and their assistants
were all officers in the army, and five of the nine were on the staff of
instruction at the Institute. One had the rank of major, and the rest
were captains and lieutenants.
Occasionally a “weak section” is formed of boys selected from the whole
or part of the school, but in general the division into classes is based
upon school grade, the boys of the sixth to ninth years exercising
together as a rule, and the rest variously subdivided according to their
numbers. The size of some of these classes is noteworthy. They rarely
contain fewer than 60 or 70, while 100-125 is not an unusual number, and
150-200 are sometimes seen together under a single teacher. To facilitate
the handling of so many it is usual to separate them into squads of from
12 to 20, on the basis of physical fitness, and to place at the head
of each squad one of the best pupils, who sees that his portion of the
lines is correctly formed at the beginning of the hour, reports upon
attendance, and directs the work of his division when the teacher is not
giving commands for the whole class. Before exercising it is the practice
to remove coats, collars, cuffs, and suspenders, and the dickey, or
detachable shirt-front, if a boy has arrived at the dignity of wearing
that common article of clothing. Shoes are exchanged for rubber-soled
canvas slippers, of the sort so often seen in American gymnasia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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