A guide to the history of physical educationLeonard, Fred Eugene
History
A guide to the history of physical education
Leonard, Fred Eugene
Physical education and training; Physical education and training -- History
Beginning with the middle twenties and lasting till the death of King
Frederick VI (December 3, 1839) there was some improvement. In Copenhagen
itself gymnastics was now introduced in many public and private schools,
and some of the village schools in Copenhagen county took similar action,
assisted by the government (1826), which desired to see all the schools
in a single county reached before further statewide measures were
attempted. Within a few years this had been accomplished. November 25,
1826, a circular was sent out to the school authorities all over Denmark
urging them to do what they could to favor instruction in gymnastics.
In the summer of the next year a considerable number of teachers from
Copenhagen county came to the city for a course in gymnastics. They felt
the need of some opportunity for practice with children along with the
instruction they themselves received. At Nachtegall’s suggestion the
King therefore ordered (August 21, 1827) that 40 to 50 children from one
of the public schools should be received at _det militære gymnastiske
Institut_, for instruction in gymnastics, and that this public school
should establish such relations with the Institute that both together
would constitute a teachers’ college which might serve as a normal school
of gymnastics (_Normalskole for Gymnastikken_), where not only the
military and civil pupils at the Institute but also teachers in public
and private schools could have an opportunity to conduct classes under
supervision. The Normal School, under this new arrangement, was opened on
January 28, 1828 (at the same time a new building, at Solvgaden barracks,
was ready for use), and during that year more than 200 teachers were in
attendance, 160 boys from the garrison school coming to the Institute to
serve as a model school. In summer their place was taken by pupils from
charity schools.
June 25, 1828, the King approved the _manual of gymnastics_[140] for use
in the middle and common schools (_Folkeskolerne_) on which Nachtegall
and four other members of a commission appointed for the purpose had been
at work for a year. This was the first book of the sort to be authorized
by any European government. Copies were sent (4000 of them) at the King’s
expense to all Danish schools and school authorities. On the same day,
June 25, was issued an order which required the immediate introduction
of instruction in gymnastics in all schools throughout the state. A
city inspector of gymnastics was appointed in Copenhagen, where every
child received three lessons a week and the teachers were most of them
non-commissioned officers. It was estimated that by the end of 1830 2000
elementary schools (_Almueskoler_) were already complying with the order,
and that by the time of the King’s death 2500 out of the (approximately)
2600 public schools in Denmark were making at least some provision for
systematic bodily exercise.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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