A guide to the history of physical educationLeonard, Fred Eugene
History
A guide to the history of physical education
Leonard, Fred Eugene
Physical education and training; Physical education and training -- History
The most important result of all this agitation was the appointment
(April 5, 1887) of a commission of three by the ministry of church and
school affairs (_Ministeriet for Kirke- og Undervisningsvæsenet_), to
recommend improvements in gymnastics as taught in the schools and to
present plans for the founding and organizing of an institution in
which men and women should be trained as teachers of gymnastics. Its
members were Lieutenant-Colonel Amsinck, the new state inspector of
gymnastics, chairman, communal physician (_Kommunelæge_) Axel Hertel,
and Professor K. Kroman. They spent several weeks in Stockholm, at the
_Centralinstitut_ and in the schools, and then went to Berlin for a
similar purpose. Upon their return they submitted a report (April, 1888)
containing a number of definite suggestions for the better organization
of physical education, the training of teachers, and the grouping of
exercises in a lesson plan. They also proposed the appointment of a
second and larger commission which should prepare a new manual of school
gymnastics along the lines indicated. This body was accordingly named
November 30, 1889. It included the former members, with the addition of
_Kommunelæge_ Chr. Fenger, regimental surgeon (_Korpslæge_) Johan Kier,
Cand. polyt. N. H. Rasmussen, and the head of _Hærens Gymnastikskole_,
Captain L. V. Schleppegrell. The result of their labors was the “Handbook
of Gymnastics” (_Haandbog i Gymnastik_) published in 1899[148] and at
once authorized by the government for use in all schools under its
control. The new manual follows the general principles of the Ling
gymnastics and adopts practically all of the Swedish exercises, but
uses also many of the forms already current in Denmark, and introduces
exercises on the horizontal and parallel bars, flying rings, and trapeze
along with others which require the apparatus commonly found in gymnasia
in Sweden.
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