A guide to the history of physical educationLeonard, Fred Eugene
History
A guide to the history of physical education
Leonard, Fred Eugene
Physical education and training; Physical education and training -- History
The school code of 1814 had made practice in gymnastics obligatory, in
the case of boys, at all elementary schools (_Folkeskoler_), whether
town or country. A law of 1904 extended its provisions to include girls,
as well; and within six years of that date more than 95 per cent of the
girls in town and city elementary schools and nearly 50 per cent of those
in the country were receiving such instruction. Lack of suitable rooms
was the greatest difficulty which confronted the country schools. To
meet this condition the _Rigsdag_ voted that beginning with April 1,
1907, the state should bear one-half of the expense (up to 15,000 Kr.)
incurred by any community in building a gymnasium (_Gymnastikhus_) for
its schools. Two years later the grant was increased, so as to include
town schools, and made to cover the cost of providing playgrounds also.
It became necessary to withhold state aid after April 1, 1911, on account
of financial stringency, but up to that time nearly 300 gymnasia had been
erected in the country regions, at an average cost of about 5000 Kr. By
the following year (1912) 488 country schools had gymnasia of their own,
and 559 others were using rented gymnasia, usually those which belonged
to rifle clubs. The other two-thirds of the 3500 or more country schools
were obliged to content themselves with exercise out of doors on the
playgrounds, which are gradually being equipped with such gymnastic
apparatus as stall bars, Swedish horizontal bars, bucks, vaulting boxes,
etc.
Not content with merely providing facilities for physical education, the
_Rigsdag_ also appropriated funds sufficient for the appointment of 17
_Gymnastikkonsulenter_ (14 men and 3 women, most of them trained in the
one-year course) or assistants to the state inspector of gymnastics,
who are able to visit nearly 900 schools a year, arousing interest in
teachers, pupils, and parents, demonstrating the proper handling of
a class, meeting the teachers for conference and suggestions, and in
general working for a better understanding of the object and means of
physical education and greater uniformity in methods. A step which has
done much to improve the standing of gymnastics in higher schools was the
decision to grade pupils on their work in this subject, in connection
with two of their public examinations (the _Mellemskoleeksamen_, since
1907, and _Realeksamen_, since 1908, but not yet in the final or
_Studentereksamen_), and to give to such a grade (_Aarskarakter_) equal
value with those secured in any other branch of study or practice.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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