Foreigners visiting England, and particularly men interested in education and brought into contact with the athletic life of the great public schools and Oxford and Cambridge Universities, could not fail to be impressed by such facts as we have mentioned, and to report them in the books which were the outcome of their travels. The influence of English practices on Koch, Hermann, and Hartwich, pioneers of the playground movement in Germany, and Raydt’s journey of 1886 and the volume embodying the result of his observations (1889) have been already cited (Chapter XIV). Professor Törngren, from the Central Institute of Gymnastics in Stockholm, visited England in 1877 and published a volume on school games shortly after (p. 162). The results of a later visit (1889) are reported in the _Tidskrift i Gymnastik_ for 1890 (3: 145-195). English customs, also, seem to have been partly responsible for starting the playground movement in Denmark (p. 194). Paschal Grousset, the French journalist, recorded his impressions in “La vie de collège en Angleterre” (Paris, J. Hetzel, 1880), writing under the _nom de plume_ “André Laurie.” Pierre de Coubertin, who began his visits to England in 1884, has done the same in his “L’éducation en Angleterre: collèges et universités” (Paris, Hachette, 1888). Chapters II-IV in the volume on Physical Education of the Young by Professor Angelo Mosso, the Turin physiologist (German translation, 1894; French translation, 1895) reveal his indebtedness to English experiences. In the United States we have had Caspar Whitney’s “A Sporting Pilgrimage” (New York, Harper & Brothers, 1894), and John Corbin’s “School Boy Life in England” (New York, Harper & Brothers, 1898) and “An American at Oxford” (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1902). [Illustration: FIG. 51.—Oxford University: The “Eights” Passing the College Barges.]